A capacitive pressure sensor has its nominal capacitance, Cs, as 1.5 pF. It is interfaced with an ideal opamp circuit as shown below. Each of the two shielded cables has a length of 2.0 m and a parasitic capacitance of 150 pF/m. The excitation voltage V, is a square wave signal with a peak-to-peak value of 5 V. Determine the magnitude and the shape of the output voltage Vo? S Cables Cs=1.5 pF 5 pF + + Vo ● ■

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Power Measurement

According to Blondel's theorem, the total power is measured with one less number of wattmeters than the number of wires present in the system. So, a single-phase and two-wire system will require one wattmeter and a single-phase and the three-wire system will require two wattmeters, and a three-phase and the three-wire system will also require two wattmeters and a three-phase and the four-wire system will require three wattmeter devices. The wattmeter is a device that measures power using one voltage and one current input as shown in the above figure. Multiple current or voltage input pair cables are used by many power analyzers and digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) for measuring watts, in effect within a single instrument acting as multiple wattmeters. It is possible to measure three-phase and four-wire power with one correctly specified power analyzer.