A- Calculate the energy requirements and rotation speed of the rapid- mix basin to treat a flow 8500 m³/d with detention time(d.t) 20 sec. and velocity gradient(G)1000/sec. Use a four- blade turbine mixer with an impeller diameter of 0.7 m. The gear efficiency is 90% and the ratio of blade width to blade diameter is 0.2. (Assume u-1.3097×10³) N.s/m²).

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.