(a) Calculate A,G° for the reaction at 25 °C. (b) Calculate the equilibrium constant K'. (The hydro- nium ion concentration is included in the constant. That is, K'= K [H,O"] for the reaction at 25 °C and pH (c) A,G is the free energy change under standard con- ditions; that is, the concentrations of all reactants (except H3O*) are 1.00 mol/L. Calculate A,G' at 25 °C, assuming the following concentrations in the cell: pyruvate, 380 umol/L; NADH, 50 umol/L; lactate ion, 3700 umol/L; and NAD ion, 540 %3D 7.0.)
(a) Calculate A,G° for the reaction at 25 °C. (b) Calculate the equilibrium constant K'. (The hydro- nium ion concentration is included in the constant. That is, K'= K [H,O"] for the reaction at 25 °C and pH (c) A,G is the free energy change under standard con- ditions; that is, the concentrations of all reactants (except H3O*) are 1.00 mol/L. Calculate A,G' at 25 °C, assuming the following concentrations in the cell: pyruvate, 380 umol/L; NADH, 50 umol/L; lactate ion, 3700 umol/L; and NAD ion, 540 %3D 7.0.)
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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84
![84. A Muscle cells need energy to contract. One biochem-
ical pathway for energy transfer is the breakdown of
glucose to pyruvate in a process called glycolysis. In the
presence of sufficient oxygen in the cell, pyruvate is
oxidized to CO2 and H2O to make further energy avail-
able. However, under extreme conditions not enough
oxygen can be supplied to the cells, so muscle cells
produce lactate ion according to the reaction
0
H;C-C C-0- + NADH + H+
pyruvate
OH 0
lactate
dehydrogenase
H,C-C-C- NAD+
H.
lactate
where A,G = -25.1 kJ/mol. In living cells, the pH
value is about 7. The hydronium ion concentration is
constant and is included in AG, which is then called
4,G (as explained on page 881). (This problem is taken
from the problems for the 36th International Chemistry Olym-
piad for high school students held in Kiel, Germany,
in 2004.)
(a) Calculate A,G° for the reaction at 25 C.
(b) Calculate the equilibrium constant K'. (The hydro-
nium ion concentration is included in the constant.
That is, K'= K• [H,O*] for the reaction at 25 °C
and pH = 7.0.)
(c) A,G is the free energy change under standard con-
ditions; that is, the concentrations of all reactants
(except H3O ) are 1.00 mol/L. Calculate A,G' at
25 °C, assuming the following concentrations in the
cell: pyruvate, 380 umol/L; NADH, 50 umol/L;
lactate ion, 3700 umol/L; and NAD ion, 540
umol/L.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5c04593f-7d69-4859-a6c6-314ab21b3d0d%2Fe3b621a8-7283-40cf-9347-7344f0418b72%2Fb5omln7_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:84. A Muscle cells need energy to contract. One biochem-
ical pathway for energy transfer is the breakdown of
glucose to pyruvate in a process called glycolysis. In the
presence of sufficient oxygen in the cell, pyruvate is
oxidized to CO2 and H2O to make further energy avail-
able. However, under extreme conditions not enough
oxygen can be supplied to the cells, so muscle cells
produce lactate ion according to the reaction
0
H;C-C C-0- + NADH + H+
pyruvate
OH 0
lactate
dehydrogenase
H,C-C-C- NAD+
H.
lactate
where A,G = -25.1 kJ/mol. In living cells, the pH
value is about 7. The hydronium ion concentration is
constant and is included in AG, which is then called
4,G (as explained on page 881). (This problem is taken
from the problems for the 36th International Chemistry Olym-
piad for high school students held in Kiel, Germany,
in 2004.)
(a) Calculate A,G° for the reaction at 25 C.
(b) Calculate the equilibrium constant K'. (The hydro-
nium ion concentration is included in the constant.
That is, K'= K• [H,O*] for the reaction at 25 °C
and pH = 7.0.)
(c) A,G is the free energy change under standard con-
ditions; that is, the concentrations of all reactants
(except H3O ) are 1.00 mol/L. Calculate A,G' at
25 °C, assuming the following concentrations in the
cell: pyruvate, 380 umol/L; NADH, 50 umol/L;
lactate ion, 3700 umol/L; and NAD ion, 540
umol/L.
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