A BS of 5.43 ?? is taken on a level rod at a distance of 120 ??, and a FS of 8.76 ft is taken on the rod held 1,100 ?? away. a. What is the error caused by the Earth’s curvature and atmospheric refraction for the BS and FS? b. What are the correct BS and FS elevations?

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Control Survey and Geodetic reductions

Control surveys or survey controls are used to establish reference points as a basis for various construction activities. Vertical and horizontal control points are to be established in a control survey to increase accuracy. After establishing the control points, all other types of surveys such as topographic, right-of-way, aerial mapping, construction layout, boundary surveys, and utility mapping can be worked upon so that control networks can be formed. The place from which the observations are made is called a survey station.