a) Briefly explain the power rating of a resistor b) Carbon composition resistors are available with power rating of '/8 W, 4 W, 2 W, 1 and 2 W. Given the circuit values of voltage, current, and/or resistance in each of the following. Determine the minimum power rating that the carbon composition resistor can have. i. R = 10 2 V = 4 V i. R = 1.5 k. | = 20 mA iii. V = 50 mV | = 0.2 A

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KVL and KCL

KVL stands for Kirchhoff voltage law. KVL states that the total voltage drops around the loop in any closed electric circuit is equal to the sum of total voltage drop in the same closed loop.

Sign Convention

Science and technology incorporate some ideas and techniques of their own to understand a system skilfully and easily. These techniques are called conventions. For example: Sign conventions of mirrors are used to understand the phenomenon of reflection and refraction in an easier way.