A boat is traveling upstream at 12 km/h with respect to the water of a river. The water is flowing at 8.0 km/h with respect to the ground. What are the (a) magnitude and (b) direction of the boat’s velocity with respect to the ground? A child on the boat walks from front to rear at 5.0 km/h with respect to the boat.What are the (c) magnitude and (d) direction of the child’s velocity with respect to the ground?

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Relative Velocity

It is a measurement of an object with regards to the other object which is moving or stable or stationary. For example, if we are traveling in a bus and the bus is moving at speed of 50km/hr, then our speed is according to the nearby passenger on the bus is zero. According to them, we are not moving. But if one person standing on the ground or road observes us from outside of the bus, according to him we are moving at a speed of 50km/hr and the bus is also moving at a speed of 50km/hr. Now, the motion is recognized by the observer, it depends on a frame of reference or observer. This is motion called relative motion.