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a) Approximately half of the 174 petawatts of solar radiation incident on the upper atmosphere reaches the Earth's surface. The intensity of solar radiation (solar irradiance W/m?) received at any location on Earth varies with latitude, time of day, time of year, local weather and air pollution. The power density of this global irradiance is always less than the solar constant Eo. i) Describe the term solar constant Eo and state its magnitude. ii) Describe the term air mass coefficient (AM) and explain how it relates to levels of global irradiance at a given location iii) What does global solar irradiance refer to and what levels would you expect at solar noon with clear sky conditions for the summer and winter solstices in Ireland?

a) Approximately half of the 174 petawatts of solar radiation incident on the upper atmosphere reaches the Earth's surface. The intensity of solar radiation (solar irradiance W/m?) received at any location on Earth varies with latitude, time of day, time of year, local weather and air pollution. The power density of this global irradiance is always less than the solar constant Eo. i) Describe the term solar constant Eo and state its magnitude. ii) Describe the term air mass coefficient (AM) and explain how it relates to levels of global irradiance at a given location iii) What does global solar irradiance refer to and what levels would you expect at solar noon with clear sky conditions for the summer and winter solstices in Ireland?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
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4) a) Approximately half of the 174 petawatts of solar radiation incident on the upper atmosphere reaches the Earth's surface. The intensity of solar radiation (solar irradiance W/m²) received at any location on Earth varies with latitude, time of day, time of year, local weather and air pollution. The power density of this global irradiance is always less than the solar constant Eo. i) Describe the term solar constant Eo and state its magnitude. ii) Describe the term air mass coefficient (AM) and explain how it relates to levels of global irradiance at a given location iii) What does global solar irradiance refer to and what levels would you expect at solar noon with clear sky conditions for the summer and winter solstices in Ireland? iv) What causes greatest uncertainty and variability for solar irradiance levels and predictions? v) Describe standard test conditions (reference solar conditions) used for rating and testing solar PV technology.
Transcribed Image Text:4) a) Approximately half of the 174 petawatts of solar radiation incident on the upper atmosphere reaches the Earth's surface. The intensity of solar radiation (solar irradiance W/m²) received at any location on Earth varies with latitude, time of day, time of year, local weather and air pollution. The power density of this global irradiance is always less than the solar constant Eo. i) Describe the term solar constant Eo and state its magnitude. ii) Describe the term air mass coefficient (AM) and explain how it relates to levels of global irradiance at a given location iii) What does global solar irradiance refer to and what levels would you expect at solar noon with clear sky conditions for the summer and winter solstices in Ireland? iv) What causes greatest uncertainty and variability for solar irradiance levels and predictions? v) Describe standard test conditions (reference solar conditions) used for rating and testing solar PV technology.
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