a) A steam engine cylinder has an effective diameter of 350 mm and the maximum steam pressure acting on the cylinder cover is 1.25 N/mm². Calculate the number and size of studs required to fx the cylinder cover, assuming the permissible stress in the studs as 33 MPa.
a) A steam engine cylinder has an effective diameter of 350 mm and the maximum steam pressure acting on the cylinder cover is 1.25 N/mm². Calculate the number and size of studs required to fx the cylinder cover, assuming the permissible stress in the studs as 33 MPa.
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
Related questions
Concept explainers
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
Question
100%
Transcribed Image Text:Designation
Pitch
Major
Minor or core
Efective
or pitch
Depth of
thread
Stress
or
diameter
area
Question.01
nominal
diameter
(bolt)
diameter
Nut and
Nut and
Bolt
Bolt
t
(4) mm
Bolt
Mut
a) A steam engine cylinder has an effective diameter of 350 mm and the maximum steam
(d = D)
pressure acting on the cylinder cover is 1.25 N/mm?.
(1)
2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Calculate the number and size of studs required to fix the cylinder cover, assuming
Coarse series
the permissible stress in the studs as 33 MPa
0.400
M0.4
0.1
0.335
0.277
0.292
0.061
0.074
M0.6
0.15
0.600
0.503
0.416
0.438
0.092
0.166
M0.8
0.2
0.800
0.670
0.555
0.584
0.123
0.295
M1
0.25
1.000
0.838
0.693
0.729
0.153
0.460
b) The base of a pillar crane, Figure Q1, is fastened to the foundation (a level plane) by
twelve bolts spaced equally on a bolt circle diameter 2.0 m. The diameter of the pillar
M1.2
0.25
1.200
1.038
0.893
0.929
0.158
0.732
M1.4
0.3
1.400
1.205
1.032
1.075
0.184
0.983
base is 3 m.
M1.6
0.35
1.600
1.373
1.171
1.221
0.215
1.27
If the maximum loạd on a bolt,
M1.8
0.35
1.800
1.573
1.371
1.421
0.215
1.70
M2
0.4
2.000
1.740
1.509
1.567
0.245
2.07
М 22
0.45
2.200
1.908
1.648
1.713
0.276
2.48
2 WL (R + r)
W, = n (2R² + r*)
M 2.5
0.45
2.500
2.208
1.948
2.013
0.276
3.39
M3
0.5
3.000
2.675
2.387
2.459
0.307
5.03
M 3.5
0.6
3.500
3.110
2.764
2.850
0.368
6.78
M4
0.7
4.000
3.545
3.141
3.242
0.429
8.78
Determine the size of bolts when the crane carries a load of 150 EN at a distance of
8m from the centre of the base. The allowable stress for the bolt material is 150 MPa
M 4.5
0.75
4.500
4.013
3.580
3.688
0.460
11.3
M5
0.8
5.000
4.480
4.019
4.134
0.491
14.2
M6
1
6.000
5.350
4.773
4.918
0.613
20.1
Table Q1 show dimensions for metric coarse series bolts and nuts:
M 7
1
7.000
6.350
5.773
3.918
0.613
28.9
M8
1.25
8.000
7.188
6.466
6.647
0.767
36.6
M 10
1.5
10.000
9.026
8.160
8.876
0.920
58.3
M 12
1.75
12.000
10.863
9.858
10.106
1.074
84.0
М14
2
14.000
12.701
11.546
11.835
1.227
115
M 16
2
16.000
14.701
13.546
13.835
1.227
157
M 18
2.5
18.000
16.376
14.933
15.294
1.534
192
М 20
М 22
25
20.000
18.376
16.933
17.294
1.534
245
2.5
22.000
20.376
18.933
19.294
1.534
303
M 24
3
24.000
22.051
20.320
20.752
1.840
353
M 27
27.000
25.051
23.320
23.752
1.840
459
- Tilting edge
M 30
3.5
30.000
27.727
25.706
26.211
2.147
561
м 3
3.5
33.000
30.727
28.706
29.211
2.147
694
M 36
4
36.000
33.402
31.093
31.670
2.454
817
M 39
4
39.000
36.402
34.093
34.670
2.454
976
Figure Q1
М 42
4.5
42.000
39.077
36.416
37.129
2.760
1104
M 45
4.5
45.000
42.077
39.416
40.129
2.760
1300
M 48
5
48.000
44.752
41.795
42.587
3.067
1465
M 52
52.000
48.752
45.795
46.587
3.067
1755
Table Q1
Design dimensions of screw threads, bolts and nuts
M 56
5.5
56.000
52.428
49.177
50.046
3.067
2022
м60
5.5
60.000
56.428
53.177
54.046
3.374
2360
![Example L05.06
Question
We know that the distance of the load from the tilting
edge A-A,
The base of a pillar crane is fastened to the foundation (a level plane) by eight
bolts spaced equally on a bolt circle diameter 1.6 m. The diameter of the pillar
base is 2 m.
L = 6-R= 5-1 = 4 m
d. = Core diameter of the bolts.
Let
We know that maximum load on a bolt,
2 1WI (R + r)
W, = 1 (2R² + r)
Determine the size of bolts when the crane carries a load of 100 EN at a
distance of 5 m from the centre of the base. The allowable stress for the bolt
2x 100 x 10 x 4 (1 + 0.8)
S [2 ×1² + (0.8)²]
1440 x 10
material is 100 MPa.
The table for metric coarse threads is given below:
= 68.18 x 10 N
21.12
Major diameter (mm)
20
24
30
30
42
48
Pitch (mm)
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
We also know that maximum load on a bolt (W),
Stress area (mm')
245
353
361
817
1120
1472
68.18 x 10 = (d o, = (a) 100 = 78.54 (d)
Solution
(d)? = 68.18 x 103/78.54 = 868
d. = 29.5 mm
or
Solution. Given : n = 8 ; d = 1.6 m or r = 0.S m ; D = 2m or R = 1m ; W = 100 kN
= 100 x 10°N; e= 5 m; 6,= 100 MPa = 100 N/mm?
From Table 5.1 (coarse series), we find that the standard core diameter of the
bolt is 31.093 mm and the corresponding size of the bolt is M 36.
The pillar crane is shown in Figure Q5
Tilting edge
A
Figure Q6](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F953dbc5e-185b-4b91-9ca0-40c4eb259a44%2Fecd4a0d4-05f2-4d3e-ac34-824cf5e4a4cc%2F5xr7mc_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Example L05.06
Question
We know that the distance of the load from the tilting
edge A-A,
The base of a pillar crane is fastened to the foundation (a level plane) by eight
bolts spaced equally on a bolt circle diameter 1.6 m. The diameter of the pillar
base is 2 m.
L = 6-R= 5-1 = 4 m
d. = Core diameter of the bolts.
Let
We know that maximum load on a bolt,
2 1WI (R + r)
W, = 1 (2R² + r)
Determine the size of bolts when the crane carries a load of 100 EN at a
distance of 5 m from the centre of the base. The allowable stress for the bolt
2x 100 x 10 x 4 (1 + 0.8)
S [2 ×1² + (0.8)²]
1440 x 10
material is 100 MPa.
The table for metric coarse threads is given below:
= 68.18 x 10 N
21.12
Major diameter (mm)
20
24
30
30
42
48
Pitch (mm)
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
We also know that maximum load on a bolt (W),
Stress area (mm')
245
353
361
817
1120
1472
68.18 x 10 = (d o, = (a) 100 = 78.54 (d)
Solution
(d)? = 68.18 x 103/78.54 = 868
d. = 29.5 mm
or
Solution. Given : n = 8 ; d = 1.6 m or r = 0.S m ; D = 2m or R = 1m ; W = 100 kN
= 100 x 10°N; e= 5 m; 6,= 100 MPa = 100 N/mm?
From Table 5.1 (coarse series), we find that the standard core diameter of the
bolt is 31.093 mm and the corresponding size of the bolt is M 36.
The pillar crane is shown in Figure Q5
Tilting edge
A
Figure Q6
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