(a) A small body with temperature T and emissivity e is placed in a large evacuated cavity with interior walls kept at temperature Tw. When Tw – T is small, show that the rate of heat transfer by radiation is 4TΑεσ(Τw - T) . dt (b) If the body remains at constant pressure, show that the time for the temperature of the body to change from T¡ to T2 is given by Cp Тw - Ti In 4Ty Aeơ Tw – T2 (c) Two small blackened spheres of identical size, one of copper and the other of aluminum, are suspended by silk threads within a large hole in a block of melting ice. It is found that it takes 10 min for the temperature of the aluminum to drop from 276 to 274 K, and 14.2 min for the copper to drop the same interval of temperature. What is the ratio of specific heats of aluminum and copper? (The densities of Al and Cu are 2.70 × 10³ kg/m³ and 8.96 × 10³ kg/m³ at 25°C, respectively.)

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Fluid Kinematics

The branch of science that deals with objects which are either in motion or stationary are studied under the branch of classical mechanics. Fluid mechanics is a subcategory of classical mechanics that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest (fluid statics) or in motion (posing some velocity). In fluid kinematics, studies focus on the associated motion of fluid particles or groups of particles, and its associated parameters like displacements, velocity, and acceleration without concerning about the forces that caused the motion. All the laws of classical mechanics are applied in the study of fluid kinematics.