a- A copper bar is 900 mm long and circular in section. It consists of 200 mm long bar of 40 mm diameter, 500 mm long bar of 15 mm diameter and 200 mm long bar of 30 mm diameter. If the bar is subjected to a tensile load of 60 kN, find the total extension of the bar. Take E for the bar material as 100 GPa.

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.