(a) A cancer patient is exposed to γ rays from a 5000-Ci60 Co transillumination unit for 32.0 s. The γ rays arecollimated in such a manner that only 1.00% of them strikethe patient. Of those, 20.0% are absorbed in a tumor having amass of 1.50 kg. What is the dose in rem to the tumor, if theaverage γ energy per decay is 1.25 MeV? None of the β sfrom the decay reach the patient. (b) Is the dose consistentwith stated therapeutic doses?

Q: A patient with a well-defined tumor absorbs 69 rad of particles during radiotherapy. For a patient…

A:

Q: Cow’s milk produced near nuclear reactors can be tested for as little as 1.00 pCi of 131 I per…

A:

Q: P5 A reindeer owner finds a 5-year-old reindeer roast in his freezer. When the steak was placed in…

A:

Q: Naturally occurring "ok is listed as responsible for 26 mremy of background radiation. Calculate the…

A: Given,' Mass of the woman, mw=60kg Dose radiation,  dose rad=dose remRBEdose rad=26×10-3rem1dose…

Q: How many kilograms m of uranium-235 must completely fission spontaneously into (140)Xe, (92)Sr, and…

A:

Q: A particular radioactive source produces 144 mrad of 1-MeV gamma rays per hour at a distance of 1.0…

A: Given data: The dose in rad is, Dr= 144 mrad= 0.144 rad in one hour In t hours dose is, D= 1 rem…

Q: A person ingests an amount of a radioactive source that has a very long lifetime and activity 0.52…

A: absorbed dose rate is the amount of radiation energy absorbed by the tissue.  Therefore absorbed…

Q: Consider the fission process induced by 239^U by a thermal neutron that produces 140^Ce, 99^Ru and N…

A: Solution: The mass of the Uranium is m( U92239 ) = 239.05429 u The mass of the neutron is m (n10 ) =…

Q: Gamma rays may be used to kill pathogens in ground beef. One irradiation facility uses a 60C source…

A: Given: The activity of gamma rays is A=1×106 The energy of first gamma ray is E1=1.17 MeV. The…

Q: A reasonable estimate is that 1.00  109 tons of natural uranium is available at concentrations…

A: The mass of uranium m is given by, m=1×109×103kg ×0.7100 m=7×109kg    The mass of 1 mol U235=235…

Q: A fission reactor in the process of being decommissioned continues to generate 27.3 MW of power from…

A: To calculate the activity of the reactor in becquerels, we need to know the number of radioactive…

Q: A sample of a radioactive isotope with a decay constant of λ = 4.27 × 10-3 s-1. A sample of the…

A: we know activity R =λN where λ = decay constant  N = number of particle given  N = 2.68 × 1015…

Q: A large power reactor that has been in operation for some months is turned off, but residual…

A: Power ( P ) = 135 MW Average energy per decay = 1.04 MeV

Q: As part of a radiotherapy course a patient is injected with a sodium phosphate solution containing…

A: Given: The mass of the phosphorus 32 is MP = 31.973908 u The mass of the product atom is MS =…

Q: A student carries out a radioactive decay experiment. She measures the activity of a source as a…

A: Dear student Activity is defined as rate of radioactive decay of nuclei. It is denoted by  R = ¥ N…

Q: A patient swallows a radiopharmaceutical tagged with phosphorus-32 (P), a B¯ emit- ter with a…

A: Concept: To determine the Number of Electrons emitted in 15 days we have to calculate the No. of…

Q: How many kilograms m of uranium-235 must completely fission spontaneously into 140Xe, 92Sr, and…

A: Given data: The produced power is P=1200 MW The time is t=365 days×24 hr×60 min×60 sec Calculating…

Q: Suppose that the average electric power consumption, day and night, in a typical house is 914 W.…

A: Power consumption in house=914w

Q: Gamma rays may be used to kill pathogens in ground beef. One irradiation facility uses a 60Co source…

A: The total amount of energy of gamma rays per beta decay of 60Co can be given as, Here, ε represents…

Q: A person exposed to fast neutrons receives a radiation dose of 300 rem on part of his hand,…

A: a) The expression for find absorbed radiation is Rab=EeqRBE Here, Rabis absorbed radiation and Eeqis…

Q: The electrical power output of a large nuclear reactor facility is 900 MW. It has a 35.0% efficiency…

A: Now a days , Nuclear reactors are the main source of energy , to produce electricity, In…

Q: purchased by a medical supply house. If the sample has a half-life of 14 d, how long will it keep…

A: Just replace the values .... An its done

Q: To destroys cancerous tumor , a dose of gamma radiation totaling an energy of 2.12J is to be…

A:

Q: A nuclear chemist receives an accidental radiation dose of 5.0 Gy from slow neutrons (RBE = 4.0).…

A: Equivalent dose is given by, The relation between rad and Gy is given by,

Q: According to one estimate, the first atomic bomb released an energy equivalent to 20. kilotons of…

A: Formula to calculate total number of fission event occurred in the reaction is,

Q: The annual radiation dose from 14C in our bodies is0.01 mSv/y. Each 14C decay emits a β– averaging…

A:

Q: Yttrium-90 is used in radioisotope therapy to treat various neuroendocrine tumors.Yttrium-90 has a…

A: Given information: Here, t1/2 is the yttrium’s half-life, A0 is the initial activity.

Q: Naturally occurring 40K is listed as responsible for 16mrem/y of background radiation. Calculate the…

A: The background radiation, The mass of woman,

Q: According to one estimate, the first atomic bomb released an energy equivalent to 20 kilotons of…

A:

Q: Strontium-90 from the testing of nuclear bombs can still be found in the atmosphere. Each decay of…

A: The amount of nuclei initially absorbed is

Q: How many kg of 235U are used in one year a thermal nuclear reactor that has an output power of 2.3…

A: given:U235  has atomic mass = 235time t = 1 yearpower P = 2.3GWenergy release fission = 200…

Q: 1.5 The binding energy per nucléon for °Fe is 8.8 MeV per nucléon. Estimate the energy released per…

A:

Q: (a) The 210 Po source used in a physics laboratory is labeled as having an activity of 1.0 µCi on…

A: Given,

Q: Gamma rays may be used to kill pathogens in ground beef. One irradiation facility uses a 60Co source…

A: We know that 1Ci=3.7×1010decay/sec The given activity is =1.0×106Ci. Then the activity on decay/sec…

Q: Naturally occurring 40K is listed as responsible for 28 mrem/y of background radiation. Calculate…

A: The given values are,

Q: World War II aircraft had instruments with glowing radiumpainted dials (see Figure). The activity of…

A:

Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear reactions are processes in which the fundamental characteristics of a nucleus changes. They change into a completely different nucleus. These processes occur naturally in an unstable nucleus. Bombarding an energetic particle can induce nuclear reactions.  In this article, both the naturally occurring nuclear reactions are termed as radioactive decay and the induced nuclear reactions are further categorized as nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.