A 50-kVA 13.8-kV/208-V (rms, line-line) ∆ − Y three-phase distribution transformer has a per unit resistance of 1 percent and a per-unit reactance of 0.07 pu. Neglect the excitation branch elements, and answer the following questions. (a) What is the transformer’s phase impedance referred to the high-voltage side? Calculate it in Ω. (b) Calculate this transformer’s voltage regulation using the calculated high-side impedance in Ω if it supplies a full load at 0.866 PF lagging. (c) Calculate this transformer’s voltage regulation under the same conditions, using the per-unit system. (d) Calculate this transformer’s efficiency in percent if it supplies a full load at 0.866 PF lagging.

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Distribution System

The final stage in the delivery of the electric power is the electric power distribution system. From the transmission system to the individual customers it carries electricity. The distribution system is connected with the transmission system and is used to lower the voltage of the transmission to medium voltage in the range of 2 kV to 35 kV with the help of transformers. This medium voltage to the distribution transformers located near the customer's premises is carried by the primary distribution system lines. These distribution transformers in turn lower the voltage to utilization voltage used in lightings, household appliances, industrial equipments etc. Through secondary distribution lines often several customers are supplied from one transformer. It is through service drops, the commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution system lines. Customers who demand a larger amount of power can be connected directly to the primary distribution system level or the sub-transmission level.