A 3m layer of sand, of saturated unit weight 18kN/m, overlies a 4m layer of clay, of saturated unit weight 20kN/m. If the groundwater level occurs within the sand at 2m below the ground surface, determine the total and effective vertical stresses acting at the centre of the clay layer. The sand above groundwater level may be assumed to be saturated.
A 3m layer of sand, of saturated unit weight 18kN/m, overlies a 4m layer of clay, of saturated unit weight 20kN/m. If the groundwater level occurs within the sand at 2m below the ground surface, determine the total and effective vertical stresses acting at the centre of the clay layer. The sand above groundwater level may be assumed to be saturated.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
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Transcribed Image Text:Example 3.1: Total and effective stress
A 3m layer of sand, of saturated unit weight 18KN/m2, overlies a 4m layer of clay, of
saturated unit weight 20KN/m. If the groundwater level occurs within the sand at 2m
below the ground surface, determine the total and effective vertical stresses acting at
the centre of the clay layer. The sand above groundwater level may be assumed to be
saturated.
Solution:
For this sort of problem it is usually best to draw a diagram to represent the soil condi-
tions (see Fig. 3.6).
Total vertical stress at centre of clay = Total weight of soil above
o, =2m saturated clay +3 m saturated sand
= 2x 20+3x18 = 94 kPa
Effective stress = Total stress- Water pressure
%3D
o= 94 - 9.81(2+1) = 64.6 kPa
2 m
Sand
2-GWL
1 m
H.W
4 m
Clay
Rock
=?
ICalculate from
the middle of
the sand layer
in the middle of
the sand
At a depth of
2m from GwL
-2
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