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A 34-year-old man has had a series of brief relationships with several romantic partners, but has never established a close, intimate relationship with a partner. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which outcome best describes this example? O A. Despair OB. Isolation O C. Role confusion O D. Stagnation

A 34-year-old man has had a series of brief relationships with several romantic partners, but has never established a close, intimate relationship with a partner. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which outcome best describes this example? O A. Despair OB. Isolation O C. Role confusion O D. Stagnation

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Chapter1: The Science Of Psychology
Section: Chapter Questions
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A 34-year-old man has had a series of brief relationships with several romantic partners, but has never established a close, intimate relationship with a partner. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which outcome best describes this example? O A. Despair OB. Isolation O C. Role confusion O D. Stagnation
Transcribed Image Text:A 34-year-old man has had a series of brief relationships with several romantic partners, but has never established a close, intimate relationship with a partner. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which outcome best describes this example? O A. Despair OB. Isolation O C. Role confusion O D. Stagnation
A patient who experiences low self-esteem seeks the help of a therapist. The therapist finds that the patient's self-esteem problems started after his current relationship began. The patient describes his current partner as being highly successful and competent and reports feeling inferior to his partner. He reports that he "hates feeling that way." He has stopped attending social events with his partner because such events elevate his feelings of inferiority. However, despite his feelings of inferiority and envy, the patient also reports having extreme admiration and love for his partner. When researching for the case, the therapist reads a study on interpersonal attraction. The researchers asked participants to rate their actual self and their ideal self on 50 personality dimensions. These ratings were then used to develop two scores as proxy measures of actual and ideal self. Then, the participants were told that they were going to be paired with potential dates and were given information on their potential dates' scores on the same personality dimensions. The dates' scores were made up by the researchers to be either similar to or different from each participant's actual self or ideal scores. The study showed that participants reported greater interest in dates who were similar to their ideal selves than in dates who were similar to their actual selves. The therapist finds the study relevant to the patient's case but is reluctant to make direct inferences because she suspects that the participants' ratings of actual self may have been influenced by social desirability. The therapist decides that the self-evaluation maintenance model (SEM) may help explain the patient's case. The model posits that upward comparison (comparing oneself with a more successful other) can lead to negative self-evaluation, which causes psychological distress. The individual is motivated to eliminate this distress, either by downplaying the relevance of the dimension of comparison (for example, if the patient's partner is a successful mathematician, the patient can state that mathematical skills are not that important) or by weakening the social bonds with the successful other. Which statement is NOT a plausible application of psychodynamic theory to explain psychological responses to upward comparison? O A. The superego demands that the individual should either match or surpass the partner on the dimension of comparison. OB. The ego fails to satisfy the demands of the superego, and the individual experiences anxiety. OC. The id attempts to use the pleasure principle to resolve the subconscious conflict caused by the superego. OD. The ego uses rationalization by suggesting that the dimension of comparison is unimportant.
Transcribed Image Text:A patient who experiences low self-esteem seeks the help of a therapist. The therapist finds that the patient's self-esteem problems started after his current relationship began. The patient describes his current partner as being highly successful and competent and reports feeling inferior to his partner. He reports that he "hates feeling that way." He has stopped attending social events with his partner because such events elevate his feelings of inferiority. However, despite his feelings of inferiority and envy, the patient also reports having extreme admiration and love for his partner. When researching for the case, the therapist reads a study on interpersonal attraction. The researchers asked participants to rate their actual self and their ideal self on 50 personality dimensions. These ratings were then used to develop two scores as proxy measures of actual and ideal self. Then, the participants were told that they were going to be paired with potential dates and were given information on their potential dates' scores on the same personality dimensions. The dates' scores were made up by the researchers to be either similar to or different from each participant's actual self or ideal scores. The study showed that participants reported greater interest in dates who were similar to their ideal selves than in dates who were similar to their actual selves. The therapist finds the study relevant to the patient's case but is reluctant to make direct inferences because she suspects that the participants' ratings of actual self may have been influenced by social desirability. The therapist decides that the self-evaluation maintenance model (SEM) may help explain the patient's case. The model posits that upward comparison (comparing oneself with a more successful other) can lead to negative self-evaluation, which causes psychological distress. The individual is motivated to eliminate this distress, either by downplaying the relevance of the dimension of comparison (for example, if the patient's partner is a successful mathematician, the patient can state that mathematical skills are not that important) or by weakening the social bonds with the successful other. Which statement is NOT a plausible application of psychodynamic theory to explain psychological responses to upward comparison? O A. The superego demands that the individual should either match or surpass the partner on the dimension of comparison. OB. The ego fails to satisfy the demands of the superego, and the individual experiences anxiety. OC. The id attempts to use the pleasure principle to resolve the subconscious conflict caused by the superego. OD. The ego uses rationalization by suggesting that the dimension of comparison is unimportant.
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