(a) (b) 3 um FIGURE 24.5 Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) (a) Red, swollen gums with loss of tissue, especially between the teeth. (b) Gram stain of exudate showing a spirochete and rod-shaped bacteria.
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- A 50-year old man is brought to the emergency department. For the last several days he has had fatigue, fever and productive cough with rust-coloured sputum and pleuritic chest pain. A chest radiograph shows consolidation in the right lower lobe. A Gram stain sputum shows a predominance of gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains.(i) What is the most likely diagnosis?(ii) Explain the typical symptoms associated with pneumococcal pneumonia.(iii) Describe the main clinical findings of the respiratory examination.Match the organism in column A to the symptom/manifestation in column B that fits it most appropriately. Use cach description only once. COLUMN A i) Plasmodium falciparum COLUMN B a) Toxic shock syndrome i) Crуpiococсus neоformans ii) Clostridium perfringens iv) Chlamydophila psyttaci v) Clastridioides dificille b) Dental caries c) Newborn meningitis d) Pscudomembranous colitis e) Dysentery vi) Staphylococcus aureus f) Fungal meningitis vii) Entamoeaba histolytica g) Surgical wound infections viii) Streptococcus mutans h) Gas gangrene ix) Streptococcus agalactiae i) Pneumonia acquired from birds x) Pseudomonas aeruginosa j) MalariaWhich of the following statements about listeriosis is false?(a) The causative agent, Listeria monocytogens, can befound in many types of food .(b) When pregnant women are infected with Listeria mono-cytogens, the bacteria may cause fetal damage or death.(c) Bacteriophages can be used to eliminate Listeria oncontaminated food.(d) Infection with Listeria monocytogens rarely results inmeningitis.(e) Listeria L-forms lack cell walls and are able to persistinside of macrophages after phagocytosis.
- Write short notes on the followings (A) Chlamydia trachomatis (B) Neisseria meningitides (C) Streptococcus pneumoniae (D) Clostridium tetani . (E) Treponema pallidumMatch the organism in column A to the symptom/manifestation in column B that fits it most appropriately. Use each description only once.lar COLUMN A COLUMN B i) Plasmodium falciparum a) Toxic shock syndrome ii) Cryptococcus neoformans b) Dental caries c) Newbom meningitis i) Clostridium perfringens iv) Chlamydophila psyttaci d) Pseudomembranous colitis v) Clostridioides dificille c) Dysentery vi) Staphylococcus aureus ) Fungal meningitis vii) Entamoeaba histolytica 8) Surgical wound infections viii) Sireptococcus mutans h) Gas gangrene ix) StreptococcuS agalactiae i) Pneumonia acquired from birds x) Pseudomonas aeruginosa j) Malaria2. A 23-year-old Caucasian female presented to the emergency department (ER)with profuse watery diarrhea after consuming raw oysters in a restaurant. She described the diarrhea as 'rice water stool'. (a) Which type of specimen should be collected from this patient for diagnosis of disease? (b) Name the most probable bacteria that caused the diarrhea and give the name of the infection. (c) Suggest two treatments and two preventive measures for this infection. (d) Non-toxic strains of bacteria can acquire toxin genes from viral genome. Briefly describe the process during which the toxic genes from virus are incorporated into bacterial chromosome.
- A parent calls to ask about giving a medication for diarrhea to his child, 12 years of age, who is recovering from the flu. The nurse expects the prescriber to recommend which medication? a) bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)b )Lactobacillus GG (Culturelle)c )belladonna alkaloid/phenobarbital combination (Donnatal Elixir)d) loperamide (Imodium A-D)You are caring for a 5-year old with lethargy and a fever of 103 F. Lungs sound are clear but the child complains of a very sore throat prior to going to bed. During transport, you observe copious secretions. Which of the following do you suspect? A) Pnemonia B) Croup C) Bacterial Tracheitis D) EpiglotisMatch the organism in column A to the symptom/manifestation in column B that fits it most appropriately. Use each description only once. COLUMN A COLUMN B i) Plasmodium falciparum a) Toxic shock syndrome ii) Cryptococcus neoformans b) Dental caries iii) Clostridium perfringens c) Newborn meningitis iv) Chlamydophila psyttaci d) Pseudomembranous colitis v) Clostridioides dificille e) Dysentery vi) Staphylococcus aureus f) Fungal meningitis vii) Entamoeaba histolytica g) Surgical wound infections viii) Streptococcus mutans h) Gas gangrene ix) Streptococcus agalactiae i) Pneumonia acquired from birds x) Pseudomonas aeruginosa j) Malaria
- All of the following are true about Clostridium tetani, thecausative agent of tetanus, EXCEPT:(a) They are spore-forming rods.(b) They are part of the normal bowel microflora of horses,cattle, and humans.(c) They produce a powerful exotoxin that mediates thedisease.(d) Their toxin elicits muscle stiffness, spasms, and paralysisin the victim.(e) They require oxygen to survive.The general public takes for granted the link between an infectious agent and a given infection Discuss the requirements established by Koch, the nineteenth-century German scientist, before ascertaining, for instance, that Helicobacter pylori bacterium is the cause of the gastric ulcer. Why is it so essential to meet these conditions?A 30-year-old teacher, who recently returned from a hiking trip, visits the clinic with a rash, fever, and joint pain. The rash is circular and has a bull's-eye appearance. She recalls a tick bite during her trip. Options: A) Lyme disease B) Eczema C) Psoriasis D) Cellulitis