A 27-g arrow traveling at 55 m/s hits a target and penetrates 10 cm before coming to rest. If the archer now uses a 54 -g arrow and fires it with the same speed, how far will this arrow penetrate into the same target, assuming the same frictional force in both cases? i ! cm
Kinematics
A machine is a device that accepts energy in some available form and utilizes it to do a type of work. Energy, work, or power has to be transferred from one mechanical part to another to run a machine. While the transfer of energy between two machine parts, those two parts experience a relative motion with each other. Studying such relative motions is termed kinematics.
Kinetic Energy and Work-Energy Theorem
In physics, work is the product of the net force in direction of the displacement and the magnitude of this displacement or it can also be defined as the energy transfer of an object when it is moved for a distance due to the forces acting on it in the direction of displacement and perpendicular to the displacement which is called the normal force. Energy is the capacity of any object doing work. The SI unit of work is joule and energy is Joule. This principle follows the second law of Newton's law of motion where the net force causes the acceleration of an object. The force of gravity which is downward force and the normal force acting on an object which is perpendicular to the object are equal in magnitude but opposite to the direction, so while determining the net force, these two components cancel out. The net force is the horizontal component of the force and in our explanation, we consider everything as frictionless surface since friction should also be calculated while called the work-energy component of the object. The two most basics of energy classification are potential energy and kinetic energy. There are various kinds of kinetic energy like chemical, mechanical, thermal, nuclear, electrical, radiant energy, and so on. The work is done when there is a change in energy and it mainly depends on the application of force and movement of the object. Let us say how much work is needed to lift a 5kg ball 5m high. Work is mathematically represented as Force ×Displacement. So it will be 5kg times the gravitational constant on earth and the distance moved by the object. Wnet=Fnet times Displacement.
![### Newton's Second Law of Motion
**Problem Statement:**
A 27-g arrow traveling at 55 m/s hits a target and penetrates 10 cm before coming to rest. If the archer now uses a 54-g arrow and fires it with the same speed, how far will this arrow penetrate into the same target, assuming the same frictional force in both cases?
**Input Required:**
- [ Text Box ] cm
**Hint:**
- Consider using the principle of conservation of momentum and the work-energy theorem. The frictional force stopping the arrow is the same in both cases.
**Guidance for Solution:**
- Calculate the kinetic energy for each arrow using the formula \( KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 \).
- Determine the work done by the frictional force to stop the arrows, which is \( Work = Force \times Distance \).
- With the same frictional force acting on the arrows, the penetration distance will be proportional to the ratio of the masses and velocities of the arrows.
**Important Note:**
This problem involves applying Newton's Second Law of Motion and principles of energy to solve for the new penetration distance.
Set up your calculations considering the initial and final kinetic energies and the work done by frictional force. Remember, frictional force remains constant while only the parameters of mass have changed.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F30341bd5-9df6-4a1f-8fda-916b6928e177%2F402dbd9a-1bce-4b92-b31b-c4aa3eadd0c0%2Frhek50b_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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