A 1,065 ft", / in. thick concrete wall has inside and outside surface temperatures of 25°C and 9°C. A 2 in. Insulation batt with a thermal conductivity of k = 0.03 Btu/(h· ft· °F) is added to the wall. Determine the reduction in heat transfer rate. What is the thickness of the insulation in meters? m What is the thermal conductivity value of the insulation batt in W/(mK)? W/(mK) What is the R-value of the concrete wall (in m² K/W)? m². K/W What is the R-value of the insulation batt (in m² K/W)? m². K/W What is the heat transfer rate (in W) when the insulation is added? W What is the percent reduction in the heat transfer rate? %

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Temperature effects on atom arrangements

Atoms are the smallest units of matter. Atoms can be subdivided into electrons, protons, and several other subatomic particles. Groups or combinations of atoms form molecules that primarily decide the property and behavior of materials. These molecules have the property to attract other molecules based on the valence electrons in the atoms' outermost orbit. An orderly arrangement of molecules is known as crystal structure, which forms the fundamental topic of concern in materials science and engineering. The arrangement of molecules is different for different materials and hence, each material exhibits different lattice arrangements. The lattice arrangements are functions of external loads, deformations, and temperature. On experiencing high temperatures or low temperatures, the behavior of the lattice arrangement of a material change.