A 0.35-m long steel rod with a round cross-section (25 mm) is resting on a frictionless surface. The rod temperature is measured to be at 10°C. The plate is then heated uniformly to 97°C. The steel has a coefficient of thermal expansion equal to 1.1*10-5 m/m/°C. a) What is the length of expansion? b) Is there a stress on the rod? c) If the rod is snugly fitted against two immovable non-conducting walls at a temperature of 15°C and the heated uniformly to 115°C, what is its length at 115°C if the elastic modulus of steel is 205 GPa, what is the stress induced in the bar? Tension or compression?

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Temperature Difference and Heat Transfer

Whenever there is a flow of heat flux resulting from a temperature gradient within the material or between two materials, there is heat transfer. Heat transfer primarily arises due to temperature differences between two bodies or within bodies. The term temperature gradient denotes temperature differences or variation of temperature due to change in some quantity. The fundamental use of the concept of temperature is found in the zeroth law of thermodynamics.