A 0.10 µM aqueous solution of a metal ion, M²+, is extracted into an organic solvent by 0.19 mM of the ligand L. Given that KL = 1.6 x 10“, KM = 5.0 × 10*, Ka 2.0 x 10-5, B, = 2.0 x 1022, and n = 2, calculate the distribution ratio, D, for the extraction at pH 2.50 and at pH 6.00. DpH=2.50 = DpH=6.00 Calculate the fraction of M2+ that remains in the aqueous phase, q, if 135 mL of 0.10 µM M²+ is extracted once with 10.0 mL of 0.19 mM L¯ at pH 2.50. 9pH=2.50 =

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Hazard Analysis and Design in Chemical Engineering

Hazard is the intrinsic property of a material or process which harms the people, buildings, or environment. Health, safety, hazard, risk assessment, loss prevention, and environmental consideration play an important role while designing a chemical processing plant. Hazard is often confused with risk. Risk measures the magnitude of loss and injury of likelihood incidents or the consequence and frequency of incidents.