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KVL and KCL
KVL stands for Kirchhoff voltage law. KVL states that the total voltage drops around the loop in any closed electric circuit is equal to the sum of total voltage drop in the same closed loop.
Sign Convention
Science and technology incorporate some ideas and techniques of their own to understand a system skilfully and easily. These techniques are called conventions. For example: Sign conventions of mirrors are used to understand the phenomenon of reflection and refraction in an easier way.
Problem 3
Let V0 be the initial voltage of the capacitor before the switching operation.
For t < 0, the equivalent circuit is shown below.
By Ohm’s law,
For t ≥ 0, the equivalent circuit is shown below.
The charged capacitor now discharges through the two resistors.
The voltage across the discharging capacitor of a source free RC circuit is of the form
Here, V0 is the initial voltage across the capacitor.
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