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Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PE
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Whats the language for this PDA ( Pushdown Automata)

This image depicts a Pushdown Automaton (PDA) diagram with four states: \( q1, q2, q3, \) and \( q4 \). Here is a detailed explanation:

- **States**:
  - \( q1 \): The initial state, marked with an incoming arrow.
  - \( q2 \): An intermediate state with transitions looping back to itself.
  - \( q3 \): Another intermediate state with a self-loop.
  - \( q4 \): The accepting state, indicated by a double circle.

- **Transitions**:
  - From \( q1 \) to \( q2 \): 
    - Transition on \((\epsilon, \epsilon \rightarrow \$)\): The automaton reads an epsilon input (no input) with an epsilon (empty) stack and pushes a dollar sign (\$) onto the stack.
    
  - From \( q2 \) to \( q2 \) (self-loop):
    - Transition on \((0, \epsilon \rightarrow 0)\): Reads input '0' with an empty stack, pushing '0' onto the stack.

  - From \( q2 \) to \( q3 \):
    - Transition on \((1, 0 \rightarrow \epsilon)\): Reads input '1' with '0' on top of the stack, popping '0' from the stack.

  - From \( q3 \) to \( q3 \) (self-loop):
    - Transition on \((1, 0 \rightarrow \epsilon)\): Reads input '1' with '0' on the stack, and pops '0' off the stack.

  - From \( q3 \) to \( q4 \):
    - Transition on \((\epsilon, \$ \rightarrow \epsilon)\): Reads no input and uses the dollar sign (\$) at the top of the stack, popping it from the stack.

This diagram is used to accept a specific language defined by its transitions, typically demonstrating a balanced number of certain characters, like zeros and ones, with the help of the stack operations in a pushdown automaton.
Transcribed Image Text:This image depicts a Pushdown Automaton (PDA) diagram with four states: \( q1, q2, q3, \) and \( q4 \). Here is a detailed explanation: - **States**: - \( q1 \): The initial state, marked with an incoming arrow. - \( q2 \): An intermediate state with transitions looping back to itself. - \( q3 \): Another intermediate state with a self-loop. - \( q4 \): The accepting state, indicated by a double circle. - **Transitions**: - From \( q1 \) to \( q2 \): - Transition on \((\epsilon, \epsilon \rightarrow \$)\): The automaton reads an epsilon input (no input) with an epsilon (empty) stack and pushes a dollar sign (\$) onto the stack. - From \( q2 \) to \( q2 \) (self-loop): - Transition on \((0, \epsilon \rightarrow 0)\): Reads input '0' with an empty stack, pushing '0' onto the stack. - From \( q2 \) to \( q3 \): - Transition on \((1, 0 \rightarrow \epsilon)\): Reads input '1' with '0' on top of the stack, popping '0' from the stack. - From \( q3 \) to \( q3 \) (self-loop): - Transition on \((1, 0 \rightarrow \epsilon)\): Reads input '1' with '0' on the stack, and pops '0' off the stack. - From \( q3 \) to \( q4 \): - Transition on \((\epsilon, \$ \rightarrow \epsilon)\): Reads no input and uses the dollar sign (\$) at the top of the stack, popping it from the stack. This diagram is used to accept a specific language defined by its transitions, typically demonstrating a balanced number of certain characters, like zeros and ones, with the help of the stack operations in a pushdown automaton.
Expert Solution
Basics

In a PDA, when an arrow has a label a,b  c it means that that when the machine is reading an
a from the input, it may replace the symbol b on the top of the stack with a c.
Any of a, b, and c may be ε. If a is ε, the machine may make this transition
without reading any symbol from the input. If b is ε, the machine may make
this transition without reading and popping any symbol from the stack. If c
is ε, the machine does not write any symbol on the stack when going along this
transition.

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