*9. ssm The preparation of homeopathic “remedies" involves the repeated dilution of solutions containing an active ingredient such as arsenic trioxide (As2O;). Suppose one begins with 18.0 g of arsenic tri- oxide dissolved in water, and repeatedly dilutes the solution with pure wa- ter, each dilution reducing the amount of arsenic trioxide remaining in the solution by a factor of 100. Assuming perfect mixing at each dilution, what is the maximum number of dilutions one may perform so that at least one molecule of arsenic trioxide remains in the diluted solution? For compari- son, homeopathic “remedies" are commonly diluted 15 or even 30 times.

*9. ssm The preparation of homeopathic “remedies" involves the repeated dilution of solutions containing an active ingredient such as arsenic trioxide (As2O;). Suppose one begins with 18.0 g of arsenic tri- oxide dissolved in water, and repeatedly dilutes the solution with pure wa- ter, each dilution reducing the amount of arsenic trioxide remaining in the solution by a factor of 100. Assuming perfect mixing at each dilution, what is the maximum number of dilutions one may perform so that at least one molecule of arsenic trioxide remains in the diluted solution? For compari- son, homeopathic “remedies" are commonly diluted 15 or even 30 times.

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter11: Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P: A patient has a “cholesterol count” of 214. Like manyblood-chemistry measurements,this result is...

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A patient has a “cholesterol count” of 214. Like manyblood-chemistry measurements,this result is measured inunits of milligrams per deciliter (mgdL1). Determine the molar concentration of cholesterol inthis patient’s blood, taking the molar mass of cholesterolto be 386.64gmol1. Estimate the molality of cholesterol in the patient’sblood. If 214 is a typical cholesterol reading among men inthe United States, determine the volume of such bloodrequired to furnish 8.10 g of cholesterol.
Solutions Introduced directly into the bloodstream have to be isotonic with blood; that is, they must have the same osmotic pressure as blood. An aqueous NaCl solution has to be 0.90% by mass to be isotonic with blood. What is the molarity of the sodium ions in solution? Take the density of the solution to be 1.00 g/mL.
Some lithium chloride, LiCl, is dissolved in 100 mL of water in one beaker, and some Li2SO4 is dissolved in 100 mL of water in another beaker. Both are at 10 C, and both are saturated solutions; some solid remains undissolved in each beaker. Describe what you would observe as the temperature is raised. The following data are available to you from a handbook of chemistry:
A compound has a solubility in water of 250 mg/L at 25C. Should this compound be characterized as a soluble or insoluble compound at 25C?
A solution is made by dissolving 34.0 g of NaCl in 100 g of H2O at 0C. Based on the data in Table 8-1, should this solution be characterized as a. saturated or unsaturated b. dilute or concentrated
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)
A solution is made by dissolving 0.455 g of PbBr2 in 100 g of H2O at 50C. Based on the data in Table 8-1, should this solution be characterized as a. saturated or unsaturated b. dilute or concentrated
Calcium chloride, CaCl2, has been used to melt ice from roadways. Given that the saturated solution is 32% CaCl2 by mass, estimate the freezing point.
Which solute has the greatest effect on the boiling pointof 1.00 kg of water: 50.0 g of strontium chloride (SrCl2) or 150.0 g of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) ? Justify youranswer.
The freezing point of 0.10 M KHSO3 is -0.38C. Which of the following equations best represents what happens when KHSO3 dissolves in water? (a) KHSO3(s)KHSO3(aq) (b) KHSO3(s) K+(aq)+HSO3(aq) (c) KHSO3(s) K+(aq)+SO32(aq)+ H+(aq)
Explain why the distinction between solute and solvent is not clear for some solutions.
Insulin is a hormone responsible for the regulation of glucose levels in the blood. An aqueous solution of insulin has an osmotic pressure of 2.5 mm Hg at 25C. It is prepared by dissolving 0.100 g of insulin in enough water to make 125 mL of solution. What is the molar mass of insulin?