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9. Follow the flow of electrons and show the intermediate and the final product. CH3

9. Follow the flow of electrons and show the intermediate and the final product. CH3

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**9. Follow the flow of electrons and show the intermediate and the final product.** **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram shows a curved arrow mechanism depicting the movement of electrons in a chemical reaction. Here's a detailed breakdown: 1. **Initial Structure:** - On the left side, there is a partially drawn hexagonal structure symbolizing a benzene ring, with a double bond extending outwards. - A methyl group (CH₃) is attached at one corner of the structure. 2. **Electron Flow:** - Curved arrows are used to illustrate the movement of electrons from the double bond in the benzene ring. - The electrons from the double bond attack the H atom of HCl, which is shown on the right side of the diagram. 3. **Intermediate Formation:** - After the electron transfer, an intermediate is suggested where the benzene ring now potentially forms a bond with the hydrogen atom from HCl. - This results in a positive charge, indicated by the position awaiting further electron distribution. 4. **Chloride Ion:** - The movement of electrons from HCl towards the chloride ion (Cl⁻) indicates the formation of Cl⁻ as a byproduct, leaving the remaining structure of H attached to the original aromatic compound. 5. **Final Product:** - The series of reactions lead to the formation of a new chemical entity, represented by brackets, indicating an intermediate stage or the necessity for further reaction steps to achieve a stable final product. This diagram effectively explains how nucleophilic aromatic substitution can proceed, emphasizing electron flow with clarity for educational purposes.
Transcribed Image Text:**9. Follow the flow of electrons and show the intermediate and the final product.** **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram shows a curved arrow mechanism depicting the movement of electrons in a chemical reaction. Here's a detailed breakdown: 1. **Initial Structure:** - On the left side, there is a partially drawn hexagonal structure symbolizing a benzene ring, with a double bond extending outwards. - A methyl group (CH₃) is attached at one corner of the structure. 2. **Electron Flow:** - Curved arrows are used to illustrate the movement of electrons from the double bond in the benzene ring. - The electrons from the double bond attack the H atom of HCl, which is shown on the right side of the diagram. 3. **Intermediate Formation:** - After the electron transfer, an intermediate is suggested where the benzene ring now potentially forms a bond with the hydrogen atom from HCl. - This results in a positive charge, indicated by the position awaiting further electron distribution. 4. **Chloride Ion:** - The movement of electrons from HCl towards the chloride ion (Cl⁻) indicates the formation of Cl⁻ as a byproduct, leaving the remaining structure of H attached to the original aromatic compound. 5. **Final Product:** - The series of reactions lead to the formation of a new chemical entity, represented by brackets, indicating an intermediate stage or the necessity for further reaction steps to achieve a stable final product. This diagram effectively explains how nucleophilic aromatic substitution can proceed, emphasizing electron flow with clarity for educational purposes.
Expert Solution
Step 1

In number of reactions in organic chemistry , ring expansion is a quite important step to form a stable intermediate by releasing the ring strain of  three or four membered ring.

Many a times formation of a six members intermediates leads to major product than five membered one. Because the hybridization of carbon atom on six membered ring close to sp3.

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