9. Consider the equations below. What effect(s) would increase the initiator concentration have on an anionic polymerization process? CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY. = [M]。 Xn [I]。 * conversion a) decrease in molecular weight of the polymer; b) decrease in the rate of polymerization; dM dt = · K₂[I][M] c) increase in the degree of polymerization of the polymer; d) increase in the rate of propagation.
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- A particular reactant molecule "R" is capable of undergoing condensation and forming either a single closed loop (R-> L) or long chain polymer (R+R+R ->P). The rate law for the loop forming reaction is rate(loop) = kLoop[R]; the rate lw for the polymerization reaction is rate(poly) = kpoly[R]^2 a) a beaker with a starting concentration of R equals 0.50M at 60degrees. After 75 minutes of reacting, the concentration of L is 0.10M. Assuming no change in volume or temperature, find k(loop) b. At the 75 minute mark the remaing concentration of R is 0.398M. What can you conclude (qualitatively) about the magnitude of k(poly) relative to k(loop)?An elementary reaction is generally expressed as: dC :-kC," dt where A is the species being depleted as the reaction progresses, k is the rate constant, and n is the order of reaction, usually referred to as the stoichiometric coefficient of the resulting product. For a polymerization reaction A> 3B, find the initial amount if after 30 seconds, A species is reduced to 5 moles/L within 3 minutes. Take the rate constant as 0.314 L?/(molľ²-min).A discharge pipe releases small amounts of various alcohols from an industrial fermentation process into a lake. Local scientists would like to estimate the rate at which the alcohols are degrading in the lake. One of them, butanol (C4H9OH), is released to the lake at a rate of 20 kg/day. Butanol is measured in the lake water on several occasions at a concentration of 10-4 kg/m3; no butanol is detected in the inflowing stream. Average streamflow at the outlet of the lake is measured to be 3 x 104 m3/day. What is the magnitude of internal sinks of butanol? Assume there is not butanol exchange with the atmosphere.
- Chemistry (2023) 1 (iii)When a peroxide P is heated to 60 ° C in an inert solvent, it decomposes bya first order process and 20% of the peroxide decomposes in 60 min. Polymerizes a bulk monomer using this initiator at 60 ° C, with an initial concentration of initiator equal to 4.0x10-4 mol / L. What fractions of the monomer and initiator should remain unconverted after 10 min? At 60 ° C, the system parameters are: kp2 / kt = 22.34 Lmol-1 s-1, f = 0.8.(a) When 3-bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane, (CH3)CH2CBr(CH3)CH2CH 3, reacts with aqueous potassiumhydroxide, an alcohol is formed.(i) Name the type of reaction taking place and give the role of the reagent.Type of reaction ...............................................................................................Role of reagent .................................................................................................(ii) Outline a mechanism for the reaction, showing clearly the structure of the alcohol formed. (b) When 3-bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane reacts with ethanolic potassium hydroxide, three structurallyisomeric alkenes are formed.(i) Name the type of reaction taking place and give the role of the reagent.Type of reaction ...............................................................................................Role of reagent .................................................................................................(ii) One of the reaction products is…
- The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose, C12H22O11 + H₂O + H+ -> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 + H+ is known as "inversion of sucrose" because the angle, a, by which the solution rotates polarized light changes from positive to negative as the reaction proceeds (data from 30 degree C): t/hr a 0 78 2 71 4 12 18 24 42 65.10 44.60 32.40 22.45 2.30 48 -1.96 61 -9 86 95 -15.80 -17.25 -21.15 ∞ Use this data to show that the reaction is first order and determine its rate coefficient (at 30 degree C).Q2. Carbonic Anhydrase or carbonic dehydratase is a family of metalloenzymes containing zinc (Zn) ion in its active site. Carbonic anhydrase can greatly increase the rate of this reaction, reaching a reaction rate of 104 - 106 per second. It is defined as the enzyme found in red blood cells, other parts of animals and plants, that breaks down carbonic acid with carbon dioxide and water. CO:(2) – H»O(1) – H.CO:(ag) For the carbonic anhydrase activity specified by the equation above, evaluate the standard reaction Gibbs energy at 25 °C?Consider the simple reaction S <--> P, with the forward rate characterized by a rate constant k1, the reverse rate constant characterized by a rate constant k2, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction given by Keq. Which of the listed effects would be brought about by an enzyme catalyzing this reaction?a) increased Keqb) increased k1c) decreased transition state free energy changed) increased k2
- 1. (a) Write the complete mechanism, including initiation and propagation steps, for the free-radical polymerization of the following reactants: CEN hv ROOR + 2 ?? (b) Include one termination step (not from the initiation step or some species striking a wall).Answer the following questions about the conversion of the sucrose (C 12H 22O 11) in sugarcane to ethanol (C 2H 6O) and CO 2 according to the following unbalanced equation. In this way sugarcane is used as a renewable source of ethanol, which is used as a fuel additive in gasoline. C12H22O11(s) + H2O(l)---------->C2H6O(l) + CO2(g) sucrose ethanol a. What is the molar mass of sucrose? b. Balance the given equation. c. How many moles of ethanol are formed from 2 mol of sucrose? d. How many moles of water are needed to react with 10 mol of sucrose? e. How many grams of ethanol are formed from 0.550 mol of sucrose? f. How many grams of ethanol are formed from 34.2 g of sucrose? g. What is the theoretical yield of ethanol in grams from 17.1 g of sucrose? h. If 1.25 g of ethanol are formed in the reaction in part (g), what is the percent yield of ethanol?CH2-N-C-CH2 CH2 CH3 | CH3 Reactant functiona l group (S): Reaction type ! predicted grcoup Is) prodiuct (s) fonctional