Answered: 9. .Н ROS н- `NH2 `NH2 Guanine…

9. .Н ROS н- `NH2 `NH2 Guanine 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) FIGURE 19.10 Oxidation of guanine to 8-oxoguanine by a reactive oxygen species (ROS). エー2ト un エ

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter24: Metabolism And Nutrition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15RQ: Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the following except ________. ketone bodies fatty acids...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: 18. With this information, succinate dehydrogenase converts fumarate to succinate via what possible…

A: The series of chemical reactions that occur inside the living body for the production of energy are…

Q: Please answer number 5 and highlighted answers are wrong please provide me a explanation why it is…

A: Hemoglobin is the metalloprotein that contains iron ion in it. in the human body, hemoglobin is an…

Q: Why does the OH group add to the b-carbon rather than to the a-carbon in the second reaction in…

A: Beta oxidation is oxidation of fatty acid on beta carbon. It is mainly divided into three steps:…

Q: 59) Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and…

A: Alcohol fermentation- It occurs in yeast and produces ethanol and carbon dioxide . Lactic acid…

Q: How many rings are present in C&H15N3? This compound consumes 2 mol of H2 on catalytic…

A: In a compound, when the atoms are connected to each other to form a cyclic or ring like structures…

Q: 12. Which of the following half-reactions has the most positive redox potential? a. ½ 02 + 2e + 2H*…

A: Asked : Half reaction with most positive redox potential

Q: 7. Which of these is an example of anaplerotic reaction? a. Pyruvate to oxaloacetate b. Pyruvate to…

A: Anaplerotic reactions are chemical reactions that form intermediates of a metabolic pathway.

Q: Carboxylic acids that undergo nucleophilic acyl substitutionreactions are often first converted to…

A: During the process of thioester formation, there is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction…

Q: 9.If oxidation states change during a reaction, it is a redox reaction A. True B.False

A: An oxidation-reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves the transfer of…

Q: 6. Neonatal tyrosinemia is due to the deficiency of which of the following enzymes? A. Fumaryl…

A: There are three types of tyrosinemias- Type 1( hepatorenal tyrosinemia):- occurs due to…

Q: 8. Structures of three coenzymes involved in Phase II conjugation reactions are shown below. For…

A: Coenzymes are organic nonprotein molecules that bind to the apoenzyme to form the active holoenzyme.…

Q: Do you need pyruvate dehydrogenase for oxidation of citrate to CO2 ? No, Yes? Please explain…

A: Citrate is the first molecule produced by the Krebs cycle due to the condensation reaction between…

Q: 20. It can be observed that succinate underwent A. Isomerization B. Oxidation C. Reduction D.…

A: The reaction that occurs can be represented as follows: Succinate + FAD –> Fumarate + FADH2 The…

Q: Most enzymes have an optimal pH valuc of O 5 1.5

A: The enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate of…

Q: 20. Which of the following is NOT a precursor for gluconeogenesis? Select one: A. Ethanol B.…

A: Glucose is the simplest form of carbohydrate that is utilized for energy purpose. Gluconeogenesis is…

Q: Cytochrome oxidase contains A Ca++ в Cu с Mn D Zn

A: - Cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme for complex 4 of ETC. - It is a large integral membrane protein…

Q: Of the four DNA bases, why is guanine most likely to be modified after exposure to polycyclic…

A: DNA is made up of four bases-adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The pKa of adenine and…

Q: Do you need pyruvate dehydrogenase for oxidation of citrate to CO2 ?

A: Enzyme Pyruvate dehydrogenase forms a link between the glycolysis and citric acid cycle. It converts…

Q: Purified proteins can have their mW determined by: Ethanol precipitation O SDS-PAGE O going to taco…

A: The application of scientific and technical principles to the processing of the material by…

Q: Which cytochrome P450-catalyzed reaction is shown below? R-CH,NH2 [R-CH=NH] Oxidation of aromatic…

A: Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that catalyzes various reactions such as oxidation, hydroxylation,…

Q: The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H2CO3 to H20 + C02 is likely to be classified as

A: Enzymes is the substance or molecule which influenced the rate of reaction but not take part in the…

Q: The peptide bond on the C=O side of bulky hydrophobic residues is cleaved by a) Trypsin b) RNase H…

A: Proteins are long-chain peptides formed of amide bonds (also known as peptide bonds) between the…

Q: 21. How many carbons are removed from fatty acyl CoA in one turn of B-oxidation spiral? E. 6 22.…

A: In the mitochondria, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process in which breakdown of fatty acid…

Q: In acety1 COA, what type of bond is present between the acetyl group and coenzyme A? A. thioester…

A: Acetyl-coA consist an acetyl group and coenzyme A.

Q: Starting appear in squalene. 14 H3C COA 5.) Starting with the following radiolabeled acetyl-CoA map…

A: Introduction: Biosynthesis of cholesterol occurs from the acetyl-CoA in four stages.

Q: 2. Enzymes substrates using complementarity. What would be the most significant kind of…

A: Enzymes are metabolic catalysts that enable biological systems to exert kinetic control over the…

Q: CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.What kind of reaction is catalyzed by hexokinase? A. reduction…

A: 1)Hexokinase is the initial enzyme of glycolysis, catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose by ATP…

Q: apple pectin is :

A: Apple pectin is derived from apple fruits. There are many advantages of apple pectin. It can be used…

Q: 4. The reaction shown below is part of the glycolytic pathway. The standard free energy change for…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: Please state if the statements are true or false. 1. A furanose is a sugar in the Haworth…

A: Carbohydrates, often known as sugar molecules, are a type of molecule. Carbohydrates are one of the…

Q: 1.What is the reason for isomerization of citrate to isocitrate? A.The reaction converts a tertiary…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, the biochemical disorders result from changes in facl…

A: Type 1 diabetes could be a sort of diabetes caused by a deficiency of insulin. It is additionally…

Q: 31. The partial degradation process of su is called A Aerobic D. b&c ant or absent (in eukaryotic…

A: Aerobic respiration without doubt used Citric Acid Cycle, so that cannot be an answer. Fermentation…

Q: The molecular structure of vitamin A is conjugated with N = 10. Calculatethe wavelength of light in…

A: Available data: N=10 c = 3×108m/sh = 6.626×10-34J/s2m = 9.11 × 10-31kgd = 3.05×10-10m

Q: Selenium is generally considered a toxic element. (It is the active component of loco weed.)…

A: The unstable molecules formed during the cell metabolism can accumulate in cells and cause cell…

Q: 1. Match the figure and the letter. The scheme of glycogen degradation: Enzyme: A.…

A: 1.Glycogen phosphorylase. 2.Oligosaccharyltransferase 3.alpha 1,6-glycosidase

Q: catalytic function of C25

A: Protease is one of several enzymes that hydrolyze the proteins. They cut the peptide bond which…

Q: Palmitoleic acid, 16:1Δ⁹ hexadecaenoic acid, (16 carbon FA with one double bond )is an important…

A: Palmitoleic acids (C16H3002) also known as cis- Hexadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9…

Q: How many cycles of B-oxidation are necessary to completely oxidize 3 molecules stearic acid…

A: Beta oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in cytosol of…

Q: RANCIDITY: I. Oxygen acts as an oxidizing agent at carbon to carbon double bonds II. The products…

A: Rancidity is the slow oxidation of oil and fat which is present in the food and other products and…

Q: 1. Which of the following TCA cycle intermediates is also a metabolite in gluconeogenesis? a.…

A: As distinct to glucose that is converted from the large storage molecule glycogen, gluconeogenesis…

Q: 9) Considering the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by HIV protease: Options A) hydrolysis is the net…

A: The HIV protease is an example of Aspartyl protease.

Q: 16. A fatty acyl CoA can produce activated electron carriers via fatty acid oxidation. Name any…

A: The biomolecules which form fats are known as fatty acids. Fats serve as an energy reservoir for the…

Q: 2. Circle the carbon atoms of the carbohydrate rings of these sugars at which the oxidation takes…

A: If a sugar(Monosaccharide, Disaccharide or Polysaccharide) can cause reduction of other compounds…

Q: During Cytochrome P450-catalyzed monooxygenation... O... iron is being both reduced and oxidized,…

A: Cytochrome P450 is a heme protein (iron containing) with monooxygenase activity. The of general…

Q: 12. You can distinguish epinephrine hydrotartrate from norepinephrine hydrotartrate by: A. Water…

A: Hi, thanks a lot for submitting the multiple questions. As we are allowed to answer one question at…

Q: ROS, not ROUS. What are the reactive oxygen species and why are they especially dangerous to cells?

A: Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions or processes that are important to maintain the…

Q: 1.Which of the following are cofactors/coenzymes required for fatty acid oxidation? Choose all…

A: Fatty acids are the source of large amount of energy. Fatty acids are degraded through the process…

Q: CH2O에 off C1420H 3, 애 4 04 OH 4 of

A: The difference between alpha (α) and beta (β) glucose is the orientation of hydroxyl (-OH) group…

Q: 4. Triose phosphate isomerase converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate…

A: Since we have been instructed to answer only one question. U can post other questions in a separate…

Question

What is a reactive oxygen species?

9.
.Н
ROS
н-
`NH2
`NH2
Guanine
8-Oxoguanine
(8-oxoG)
FIGURE 19.10 Oxidation of guanine to 8-oxoguanine by a
reactive oxygen species (ROS).
エー2ト
un
エ

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Introduction

VIEW

Explanation

VIEW

Conclusion

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

On the right the Hill plot com- (b) pares the O2 binding properties of Hb Ya- kima with those of HbA in 0.1 M NaCl buff- Hb-Yakima ered to pH 7 with 0.01 M bis-Tris. Focus first on the line for "stripped Hb". This is the term for hemoglobin isolated from erythro- cytes with removal of all organic phosphate molecules that might bind to the protein in RBCS. You can see that 2,3-bisphospho- glycerate (BPG; labeled DPG according to old terminology) does not alter the O2 bind- ing affinity of Hb Yakima in contrast to HbA (although it was shown that BPG did bind to the deoxyHb Yakima molecule). Also, Hb Yakima is associated with markedly decreased allostery in the absence and presence of BPG, in comparison to HbA. IHP = inositol hexaphosphate, an artificial allosteric modifying ligand that binds more tightly than BPG. stripped Hb Hb-A •DPG +DPG n= 1.0 n = 2.3 n=2,5 +THP +IHP 0.5 0.5 1 5 10 50 po, ( mm Hg ) %3D On the right is a diagram copied from the lecture handout "Hemoglobin and Allo-…
Which cytochrome P450-catalyzed reaction is shown below? R-CH2NH2 [R-CH=NH] Oxidation of aromatic amines Oxidative deamination Oxidative O-dealkylation Oxidative N-dealkylation para-hydroxylation R-CHO + NH3
Figure 1 shows the catalytic triad of a-chymotrypsin. Identify A, B and C. Describe the subsequent steps of stage 1 and stage 2 of a- chymotrypsin mechanism. Illustrate with diagrams. A B CH2 H-N N: H-O Figure 1
Q25 Statins are a class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although clinical trials have not yet been carried out to document benefits or side effects, some physicians have suggested that patients being treated with statins also take a supplement of coenzyme Q (structure shown below). Why? H3CO. CH3 H3CO `H 6-10
NH3 H-SCO A LES NH CH₂ NH CH₂ CH₂ 3 H-SCO A H3C SCO A 5. Describe the role of His in the catalytic mechanism shown.
-HO- CH3 .N. .CH3 H3C, `N' HO CH3 CH3 Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) O Briefly propose a procedure (or flow chart) on how to separate a mixture of acetaminophen, Acetaminophen Caffeine aspirin and caffeine.
15. Write the metabolites of the following substrates due to phase Il reactions: a. b. R R C. R R NH NH LOH 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate Enzyme S-adenosylmethionine Enzyme Acetyl-SCOA
Glutathione (GSH) protects the liver from radicals. Show how the free radical is consumed by GSH and the pathway to regenerate GSH. GS H R What over-the-counter medication, taken at overdose levels, cause a depletion of active GSH_ Show the major products: Br₂ hv 0₂ NBS hv 4 products 2 products New Functional Group Name? 3 products -*- Draw both resonance pictures 2
The image below depicts 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate depicted in dark gray, and ß subunits are depicted in light gray. (BPG) bound to hemoglobin. The a subunits are BPG
The following is the chemical structure of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, a coenzyme commonly used in enzymatic reactions. Но 4 HO 0-P-0 *Na "O. `NH2 N 1 "OH H2N OH Which of the indicate regions is the site of the redox activity of this coenzyme? 2.
. Diterpenoids ») Why are diterpenoids not found in volatile oils of plants? Give an example for each type of diterpenoid and its corresponding function or use. - acyclic diterpenoids - cyclic diterpenoids
b) Why might the compound shown below act as a transition state analog of phosphoglucose isomerase? A drawing of the normal transition state for this enzyme is needed. HO- OH T .N -OH -OH CH₂OPO₂²-