8. Route the inflow hydrograph in the following table through a river reach for which x = 0.2 and K = 2 days using the Muskingum method. Use a routing period of At = 1 day and assume that inflow equals outflow for the first day. Time (day) 1 2 3 4 56789 10 Inflow (cfs) 4000 7000 11000 17000 22000 27000 30000 28000 25000 23000 Time (day) Inflow (cfs) 11 20000 12 17000 13 14000 14 11000 8000 5000 4000 4000 4000 4000 15 16 17 18 19 20

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Open Channel Flow

Open channel flow is a branch of fluid mechanics. It deals with the flow of fluid in an open conduit or free surface. In an open channel flow, gravity induces the flow of water whose surface is open to the air. This flow is free-falling rather than confined in rigid body conduits. The open channel flow depends upon two parameters that are the cross-section of the conduit and the velocity profile. Practical examples of open channel flow are streams, rivers, canals, and other drainage systems.In open channel flow, the cross-sectional area of at least one of the sides is exposed to air, and the surface of water faces atmospheric pressure. This flow is also known as free gravity flow. The cross-sectional area of the conduit can be either man-made or a natural channel. For instance, the flow in rivers and streams are natural conduits, and the flow in a canal and sanitary systems are man-made or engineered channels.