Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Problem 8: Predicting Relative Mole Percentages of Monochloro Products
**Question:**
Predict the relative mole percentages of the monochloro products shown in the reaction below.
**Chemical Reaction:**
\[ \text{(Reactant)} + \text{Cl}_2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} \text{(Product 1)} + \text{(Product 2)} \]
**Chemical Structures Involved:**
1. **Reaction Start:**
- The reactant is a two-carbon alkane (ethane).
2. **Reaction Conditions:**
- Chlorination using \( \text{Cl}_2 \)
- Heat (indicated by the delta symbol, \( \Delta \))
3. **Products:**
- Product 1: 1-chloroethane (chloro group -Cl attached to the first carbon)
- Product 2: 2-chloroethane (chloro group -Cl attached to the second carbon)
**Explanation of Graphs or Diagrams:**
- The diagram shows the reactant ethane (\( \text{C}_2\text{H}_6 \)) reacting with chlorine gas (\( \text{Cl}_2 \)) under thermal conditions (\( \Delta \)).
- This reaction yields two monochloro products:
- 1-Chloroethane (with a chlorine atom attached to the primary carbon)
- 2-Chloroethane (with a chlorine atom attached to the secondary carbon)
**Detailed Explanation:**
Under thermal chlorination conditions, the chlorine molecule (\( \text{Cl}_2 \)) dissociates into two chlorine radicals. These radicals then react with the hydrogen atoms in ethane. The hydrogen atoms can be abstracted from either the primary or the secondary carbon, leading to the formation of two different monochloro products.
- **Primary Carbon Attack:** Results in 1-chloroethane
- **Secondary Carbon Attack:** Results in 2-chloroethane
Typically, due to the slight difference in the environments of the hydrogens, the primary hydrogen abstraction is more common.
Given no other information regarding the selectivity or reaction conditions beyond heat, typically we might assume similar proportions of products, but often primary (1-chloroethane) products are slightly more favored.
This quantification can be refined by considering specific reaction mechanisms and activation energies, which a detailed](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa44093f9-865e-42e2-9761-7238b47b32ab%2F606fab4c-2eed-4485-a4ec-92fdfe814f74%2F43eshrli_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Problem 8: Predicting Relative Mole Percentages of Monochloro Products
**Question:**
Predict the relative mole percentages of the monochloro products shown in the reaction below.
**Chemical Reaction:**
\[ \text{(Reactant)} + \text{Cl}_2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} \text{(Product 1)} + \text{(Product 2)} \]
**Chemical Structures Involved:**
1. **Reaction Start:**
- The reactant is a two-carbon alkane (ethane).
2. **Reaction Conditions:**
- Chlorination using \( \text{Cl}_2 \)
- Heat (indicated by the delta symbol, \( \Delta \))
3. **Products:**
- Product 1: 1-chloroethane (chloro group -Cl attached to the first carbon)
- Product 2: 2-chloroethane (chloro group -Cl attached to the second carbon)
**Explanation of Graphs or Diagrams:**
- The diagram shows the reactant ethane (\( \text{C}_2\text{H}_6 \)) reacting with chlorine gas (\( \text{Cl}_2 \)) under thermal conditions (\( \Delta \)).
- This reaction yields two monochloro products:
- 1-Chloroethane (with a chlorine atom attached to the primary carbon)
- 2-Chloroethane (with a chlorine atom attached to the secondary carbon)
**Detailed Explanation:**
Under thermal chlorination conditions, the chlorine molecule (\( \text{Cl}_2 \)) dissociates into two chlorine radicals. These radicals then react with the hydrogen atoms in ethane. The hydrogen atoms can be abstracted from either the primary or the secondary carbon, leading to the formation of two different monochloro products.
- **Primary Carbon Attack:** Results in 1-chloroethane
- **Secondary Carbon Attack:** Results in 2-chloroethane
Typically, due to the slight difference in the environments of the hydrogens, the primary hydrogen abstraction is more common.
Given no other information regarding the selectivity or reaction conditions beyond heat, typically we might assume similar proportions of products, but often primary (1-chloroethane) products are slightly more favored.
This quantification can be refined by considering specific reaction mechanisms and activation energies, which a detailed
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