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Chapter18: Cpt Medicine

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8. Give the general side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

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Should he reconsider and try chemotherapy instead? Bruce and his parents moved to a semi-tropical region of the United States when he was about 3 years old. He loved to be outside year-round and swim, surf, snorkel, and play baseball. Bruce was fair-skinned, and in his childhood years, was sunburned quite often. In his teen years, he began using sunscreens, and although he never tanned very much, he did not have the painful sunburns of his younger years. After graduation from the local community college, Bruce wanted an outdoor job and was hired at a dive shop. He took people out to one of the local reefs to snorkel and scuba dive. He didnt give a second thought to sun exposure because he used sunscreen. His employer did not provide health insurance, so Bruce did not go for annual checkups, and tried to stay in good health. In his late 20s, Bruce was injured trying to keep a tourist from getting caught between the dive boat and the dock. He went to an internist, who treated his injury and told Bruce he was going to give him a complete physical exam. During the exam, the internist noticed a discolored patch of skin on Bruces back. She told him that she suspected Bruce had skin cancer and referred him to a dermatologist, who biopsied the patch. At a follow-up visit, Bruce was told that he had melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. Further testing revealed that the melanoma had spread to his liver and his lungs. The dermatologist explained that treatment options at this stage are limited. The drugs available for chemotherapy have only temporary effects, and surgery is not effective for melanoma at this stage. The dermatologist recommended that Bruce consider entering a clinical trial that was testing a DNA vaccine for melanoma treatment. These vaccines deliver DNA encoding a gene expressed by the cancer cells to the immune system. This primes the immune system to respond by producing large quantities of antibodies that destroy melanoma cells wherever they occur in the body. A clinical trial using one such DNA vaccine was being conducted at a nearby medical center, and Bruce decided to participate. At the study clinic, Bruce learned that he would be in a Phase Ill trial, comparing the DNA vaccine against the standard treatment, which is chemotherapy, and that he would be randomly assigned to receive either the DNA vaccine or the chemotherapy. He was disappointed to learn this. He thought he would be receiving the DNA vaccine.
Divide into two groups. One group will argue in favor of the use of ergogenic aids by athletes, and one group will argue against their use. Each group will make a list of ergogenic aids that should be allowed for use by athletes and a list of those that should not be allowed.
Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells? CT MRI PET ultrasonography
Which of the following is not true of somatic cell gene therapy? a. White blood cells can be used. b. Somatic cells are cultured, and the desired DNA is introduced into them. c. Cells with the introduced DNA are returned to the body. d. The technique is still very experimental. e. The inserted genes are passed to the offspring.
________ are characteristic of cancer. a. Malignant cells b. Neoplasms c. Tumors
What are the moral implications of using ergogenic aids?
Allergies occur when the body responds to _______. a. pathogens b. toxins c. normally harmless substances d. all of the above
What are some factors that epidemiologists have associated with a relatively high risk of developing cancer?
The most common therapeutic approaches to treating cancer include all of the following except ________. a. chemotherapy b. irradiation of tumors c. surgery to remove cancerous tissue d. administering doses of vitamins
Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy? CT scans PET scans ultrasounds X-rays
PET relies on radioactive substances administered several minutes before the scan. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/PET) to learn more about PET. How is PET used in chemotherapy?

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