8, = ( sin 0 cos 4)ô, + ( sin 0 sin )ô, + ( cos 0)ô d = ( cos e cos p)ô, + ( cos e sin )ô, + (– sin 0)§. d = (- sin )ô, + ( cos )ô, + (0)8, (A.6-28) (A.6-29) (A.6-30) and Dnie there & = (sin 0 cos ô, + ( cos 0 cos )8, + (- sin 4)ôs ô,= (sin 0 sin )8, + (cos 0 sin )d, + (cos )ôs 6, = ( cos 0)ô, + (- sin 0)ô, + (0)8 (A.6-31) (A.6-32) (A.6-33) equentons
Percentage
A percentage is a number indicated as a fraction of 100. It is a dimensionless number often expressed using the symbol %.
Algebraic Expressions
In mathematics, an algebraic expression consists of constant(s), variable(s), and mathematical operators. It is made up of terms.
Numbers
Numbers are some measures used for counting. They can be compared one with another to know its position in the number line and determine which one is greater or lesser than the other.
Subtraction
Before we begin to understand the subtraction of algebraic expressions, we need to list out a few things that form the basis of algebra.
Addition
Before we begin to understand the addition of algebraic expressions, we need to list out a few things that form the basis of algebra.
![828
SA.7
Appendix A
Vector and Tensor Notation
Spherical Coordinates
We now tabulate for reference the same kind of information for spherical coordinates r.
0, 4. These coordinates are shown in Figure A.6-1b. They are related to the Cartesian co-
ordinates by
Cyl
r = +Vx + y² + z?
0 = arctan(Vx + y/z)
$ = arctan(y/x)
(A.6-22)
(A.6-23)
(A.6-24)
x = r sin 0 cos o
(A.6-19)
y = r sin 0 sin ø
z=r cos 0
(A.6-20)
(A.6-21)
For the spherical coordinates we have the following relations for the derivative
operators:
cos 0 cos p
sin o
(A.6-25)
= (sin 0 cos b)
dx
r sin 0) aø
dr
cos o
+
r sin 0) ap
cos 0 sin ø
(A.6-26)
= (sin 0 sin 4)
dy
ar
e
= (cos 0)
+
dr
sin 0
+ (0)
(A.6-27)
az
The relations between the unit vectors are
8, = ( sin 0 cos )ô, + ( sin 0 sin )ô, +( cos 0)ô-
d = ( cos 0 cos )ô̟ + ( cos 0 sin ø)ô, + (– sin 0)§,
d = (- sin ø)ô, + ( cos o)ô, + (0)ô,
(A.6-28)
(A.6-29)
(A.6-30)
and
Dnie these
& = (sin 0 cos )ô, + ( cos 0 cos )d, + (– sin ø)ôs
8, = (sin 0 sin )ô, + (cos 0 sin 4)d, + ( cos 4)ôs
8, = ( cos 0)ô, + (– sin 0)d, + (0)8s
(A.6-31)
(A.6-32)
equenlons
(A.6-33)
And, finally, some sample operations in spherical coordinates are
(0:T) = 0„T7+ 0;„Ter + TrdTor
(A.6-34)
u, ug
(u·[v X w]) = v,
(A.6-35)
w, We Wo
That is, the relations (not involving V!) given in SSA.2 and 3 can be written directly in
terms of spherical components.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F65a54057-de91-4407-81dc-84071bb6029d%2F541d0788-e4ea-40f3-9a04-a2f128e32a65%2Fky287er_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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