8 Final viral assembly and budding takes place. Host cell genome Viral genome and reverse transcriptase enter cell. Provirus Site of action of reverse Host cell nucleus 7 Viral membrane proteins are transported to host cell membrane. transcriptase inhibitors 2 DNA copy synthesized by reverse transcriptase. Site of action of RNA DNA 6 Viral RNAS are translated, yielding viral enzymes (including protease) and structural proteins. protease inhibitors. RNA degraded; second DNA strand synthesized. Site of integrase inhibitor action Site of action of antiretroviral drugs under development. DNA DNA DNA either circularizes (unintegrated provirus) or integrase incorporates it into host cell genome (integrated provirus). 5 With host cell activation, viral DNA is transcribed, yielding messenger RNAS and viral genome RNA. FIGURE 27.25 HIV Replication

Q: How does an HIV particle acquire its envelope?

A: The human immunodeficiency virus causes HIV infection, which can later progress to become acquired…

Q: What is meant by non-progressor HIV? What is the physiology behind this

A: Non-progressor HIV means an individual is affected by HIV or Human Immune Deficiency Virus but he or…

Q: List the targets of antiviral drugs and their modes of action. Whatis the strategy behind taking…

A: Virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that needs a living host for their replication. It causes…

Q: How HIV could spread in the human body ?

A: Infection refers to the harm caused by various microorganisms or pathogens entering the body. The…

Q: What is HIV-protease ?

A: HIV-1 protease (PR) is a retroviral aspartyl protease , an enzyme involved with peptide bond…

Q: What is the main way by which someone is infected with the Zika virus?

A: The most common symptoms of Zika virus illness are fever, rash, headache, joint pain, red eyes, and…

Q: does HIV have a protein coat? if yes what is its structure? what enzymes does it use for its…

A: HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that infects the T-helper cells of the immune system. It is…

Q: Explain how HIV transferred from animals to humans.

A: Virus is a microorganism that is neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic. This is because the virus…

Q: What is a virulent virus?

A:

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of an inactivated virus vaccine?

A: Vaccines are nothing but immunogenic molecules which do not produce a high infectious condition but…

Q: What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs called protease inhibitors which are used…

A: A number of antiretroviral agents are used to treat HIV, although no complete cure for the disease…

Q: Draw a diagram illustrating how retroviruses, such as HIV, make copies of themselves.

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: What is a norovirus?

A: Norairal mediated endocytosis is the molecular mechanism followed by integration of viral genome RNA…

Q: What are the evolutionary origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2?

A: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) belongs to a family of retroviruses, all of which have RNA as…

Q: Explain why HIV targets certain cell types, and describe the ?effects this virus has on the immune…

A: To answer this question you should have knowledge about Immunology. The question asks us to explain…

Q: Outline the organization of the HIV genome.

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), is a type of virus which attacks the Immune System of the body.…

Q: What are the new treatments for HIV?

A: It causes AIDS it is icosahedral in structure the envelope is derived from the host cell envelope…

Q: How are interferons activated and what types of stimuli activate interferons at the earliest stages…

A: Viruses are "nonliving entities" that survuve as "obligate parasites", because of lacking their cell…

Q: Under what conditions are interferons produced, and howdo they limit the transmission of viruses…

A: Interferons (IFNs) are the group of soluble glycoproteins which are known to be cytokines. These are…

Q: What are the differences of replication of virus and replication of HIV?

A: Virus It is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It can replicate only inside the living cells.…

Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?

A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.

Q: What role does reverse transcriptase play in HIV infection?

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a member of retrovirus family. It damages the immune system…

Q: What type of viral RNAs from herpes viruses confound the immune system?

A: Herpes virus are the viruses that cause the infection called herpes which cause sores or blisters in…

Q: What is resistance to viral infection

A: Virus resistance is the factor that can disturb the life cycle of viruses. It is decrease in…

Q: What is the role of tRNAlys in the HIV replication cycle?

A: Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis, tRNALys is the tRNA…

Q: Can you get HIV from someone with an “undetectable” virus load?

A: HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus that causes immunodeficiency in infected individuals. It…

Q: Which type of virus is theHIV? What is the enzymereverse transcriptase presentin HIV?

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: is HIV in humans different than HIV in rabbits? or the same.

A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a retrovirus which causes Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome…

Q: What are CD4 lymphocytes?What is the relationshipbetween these cells and HIV?How does HIV replicate?

A: INTRODUCTION:- CD4 cells are white blood cells called T lymphocytes or T cells. These cells plays…

Q: How does HIV defeat the human immune system?

A: HIV stands for Human Immuino deficiency Virus and upon infecting human causes AIDS (Acquired Immuino…

Q: Once a person is infected by HIV, can they be reinfected?  Explain your answer.

A: AIDS is a viral disease.It is not a congenital disease. First case of AIDS is reported in 1981 in…