8 (1) (H) A 1200 kg car driving downhill goes from an altitude of 70 m to 40 m above sea level and accelerates from 11 m/s to 23 m/s. (b) (c) (d) How much potential energy did the car lose? How much kinetic energy did it gain? How much energy is unaccounted for? Where did this energy go? Consider a pendulum with mass m hanging from the ceiling by a massless string of length 1.0 m, as shown in Figure 4.2. The particle is released from rest, when the angle between the string and the downward vertical direction is 30°. Given sin 30° = 0.5 and cos 30° -0.866. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s². Calculate the speed of the particle when it reaches the lowest point of its arc. You should write your answer to three decimal places. m 30°

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Properties of Fluids

The term fluid represents a type of substance that can easily change its shape under any external pressure/force and can flow. Fluids can acquire any shape in which it is stored and can resist normal stresses but cannot resist shear stress in rest condition. Whenever external shear stress is applied to fluids, it starts to flow. The fluids may be liquid or gas. Example- water, air, etc.