75. It is a method of proportioning structural components such that the design strength equals or exceeds the required strength of the component based on statistical approach. a. Allowable Stress Design c. Two of the above d. None of the above b. Load and Resistance Factor Design 76. When a truss is loaded along the length of the member and not at the joints, the member will experience c. Both a and b a. Axial loading only b. Flexural loadings only d. None of the above 77. These are loads that are distributed or concentrated and are fixed in position throughout the lifetime of the structure. a. Live load c. Environmental load d. None of the above b. Dead load 78. Which of the following roof slope would not be subjected to ponding? a. 1% or greater c. 0.5% b. 2% or greater d. 0.5

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Introduction to Engineering Design

Students are often confused with engineering and design. The term engineering design has two words with different meanings, engineering, and design. The term engineering implies applications of laws and principles of science to design and analyze physical structures and components. In civil engineering, students apply the concept of physics and chemistry to design and build structures and buildings. In engineering disciplines, the term design means determining the dimensions, loads, and associated influences on the component due to the applied loads such as stresses and deformations. The estimation of such parameters is crucial to make the component or structure foolproof.