7.  Which of the following statements is correct for the humoral immune response of the butterfly?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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An adult female butterfly is actively flying from flower to flower while feeding on a very hot, sunny day in July.  The adult butterfly developed from an egg that was laid late in the season the previous year and it became cold while she was still in the caterpillar stage.  The caterpillar entered diapause and then resumed feeding and development the following spring when it became warmer.  Before entering diapause, the caterpillar was parasitized by a parasitoid wasp, which laid an egg in the caterpillar’s body, triggering an immune response that eventually killed the egg and allowed the caterpillar to complete its development and metamorphosis into an adult.  
Based on this scenario, answer the following questions:

7.  Which of the following statements is correct for the humoral immune response of the butterfly?

a.     Detection of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens by hemagglutinins and fat body cells initiates the Toll pathway, resulting in the production of massive amounts of Antimicrobial Proteins.
b.    Defensins can be produced to combat gram positive bacterial pathogens.
c.    Drosomysin can be produced to combat fungal pathogens
d.    RNA Interference compounds can be produced to combat viral pathogens
e.    All of these
f.    None of these
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