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- 3. A temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of a room, the temperature is constant. The following measurements 23°C, 24°C, 22.2°C, are available in a short time window when the temperature sensor is used. The sensors output equation is given as zk = 2xk+Nk, and the variance of the noise affecting the sensors readings is 0.2. Use the least-squares estimation technique to get the estimated room temperature. Show all details of your solution1 if we have (s) = ) In(Z), and kgT2 we substituted ß by show the steps kgT until you get this (s) = kgln (Z)1. Derive (4) from (3) and explain why a certain term was neglected. Explain the validity in neglecting that term. ΔΑ = (Lo + ΔL)(W% + ΔW) – LoWo ΔΑ = 2αΑ ΔΤ (4)
- 4. The first excited state of the helium atom lies at an energy 19.82 eV above the ground state. If this excited state is three-fold degenerate while the ground state is non-degenerate, find the relative populations of the first exited and the ground states for helium gas in thermal equilibrium at 10,000 K.6. If an electron (mass m = 9.11 × 10-31 kg) in copper near the lowest possible temperature has a kinetic energy of 6.7×10¬19 J, what is the speed of the electron?2/3 2/3 1/2 1/2 1/2 According to the plots choose the appropriate indices from below: A. [120] B. [001] C. [10] D. [112] E. [301] F. (111] G. H. [012 1. (230) J. (233) K. (131) L (135) M. (300) N. (100) O. (111) P. (010) What is the Direction of OA?
- +92 9 メ で a 9ェ 5,2 Cm 9=1,8MC ?っこ,84C 44= 11,84 C CACULAT F iN q, THAT PRODUCE 9. 9. AND 4 AND Fy 2 of of2. Verify that: a. b. (²), + C), C), ƏT P T S = 0 (35) = (3) (start from the fundamental property relation). T2. What are all of the Maxwell relations for the differential expression of Gibbs Free energy of dG s-SdT + Vdp +udn, ?
- 2. Calculate the absolute uncertainty for each of the measured quantities listed below given the relative uncertainty for each. Report the measured value as a confidence interval in the last column. Follow the rules for reporting confidence intervals.…2) Name and briefly characterize the major properties of three statistics What are the conditions of their applicability in physics? Draw (schematically) the distribution functions for these statistics as a function of energy for two different temperatures. How "density of states" is defined and used in physics? Draw (schematically) the number of occupied energy levels for three statistics