Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
Answer question 7 please
![5. How do you think the physical properties (solubility in water conductivity, boiling & Melting
points) of arsenic trichloride (AsCl,) would compare to those of phosphorus trichloride (PCI1?
SYNTHESIZE
Underneath the article is a "Note." Be sure to read it and answer these two questions.
6. This article got a huge amount of international attention. Why? What does it mean that
scientists "could not replicate the findings?"
7. What do the study findings suggest to us about our overall question, "How should we
search for life beyond Earth?"
EXTEND
8. What are two or more elements scientists should investigate, which could substitute for
two of the five other elements (0, C, H, N, S) we know to be essential for life? Explain your
answer using patterns from the Periodic Table and Lewis Diagrams.
9. What would be a reason these substitutions might NOT happen?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F12b56002-4ad6-4291-a837-8d978030cb53%2Fbc4f4357-1129-480a-bd55-387eb634d4bc%2F3jq340j_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:5. How do you think the physical properties (solubility in water conductivity, boiling & Melting
points) of arsenic trichloride (AsCl,) would compare to those of phosphorus trichloride (PCI1?
SYNTHESIZE
Underneath the article is a "Note." Be sure to read it and answer these two questions.
6. This article got a huge amount of international attention. Why? What does it mean that
scientists "could not replicate the findings?"
7. What do the study findings suggest to us about our overall question, "How should we
search for life beyond Earth?"
EXTEND
8. What are two or more elements scientists should investigate, which could substitute for
two of the five other elements (0, C, H, N, S) we know to be essential for life? Explain your
answer using patterns from the Periodic Table and Lewis Diagrams.
9. What would be a reason these substitutions might NOT happen?
![x Copy of SAS 1-11 - Go X
Copy of 11.4 Readi
Copy of 11.4 Reading X
IM3 Desmos Activity
BazOIYc-iSOOBC3Wzm7z2-CGittNfvx118hmpq4/edit
mit.
D (535) You Tube
EdClub
Math
earch for Life
Lesson 11: Reading - Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus
NASA Scientists's Puzzling Discovery
Adapted from A Bacterium That Can Grow by Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus and
NASA Finds New life (Science, Wolfe-Simon et al., 2011)
It is known that all life on Earth is composed of six elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. But a team of scientists at NASA have made a surprising
and puzzling discovery in Mono Lake, California in 2011. This discovery is being called "life as
we do not know it" by NASA.
The NASA scientists thought they found a bacterium able to substitute arsenic for
phosphorus in some macromolecules, specifically lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. In these
macromolecules, arsenate can be found in the place of phosphate. While other elements
have been found to substitute in living things, such as other metals replacing iron as the
oxygen-carrying element in some organisms, this bacterium was thought to be the first living
thing found to have a replacement for one of the six essential elements for life,
This is not a perfect substitution. In laboratory experiments, arsenate was found in the
bacterium only when bacteria were grown in an environment lacking in phosphorus. The
arsenate ion (AsO,) is not as stable as the phosphate ion (PO,), arsenic is much more toxic
than phosphate, and it is thought that some biological processes are not compatible with
arsenic-substituted molecules.
be a remarkable discovery. The existence of
Despite the unknowns, this was still thought
an organism on Earth that can substitute for one of the six essential elements would suggest
that the search for life beyond Earth may not be limited to just those six elements.
Note: This study could not be replicated after 2011, and other studies have found that there
has indeed been phosphorus in the organisms in Mono Lake, indicating that the organisms
are not including arsenic in their DNA.
Reterences](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F12b56002-4ad6-4291-a837-8d978030cb53%2Fbc4f4357-1129-480a-bd55-387eb634d4bc%2Fuyibd0i_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:x Copy of SAS 1-11 - Go X
Copy of 11.4 Readi
Copy of 11.4 Reading X
IM3 Desmos Activity
BazOIYc-iSOOBC3Wzm7z2-CGittNfvx118hmpq4/edit
mit.
D (535) You Tube
EdClub
Math
earch for Life
Lesson 11: Reading - Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus
NASA Scientists's Puzzling Discovery
Adapted from A Bacterium That Can Grow by Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus and
NASA Finds New life (Science, Wolfe-Simon et al., 2011)
It is known that all life on Earth is composed of six elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. But a team of scientists at NASA have made a surprising
and puzzling discovery in Mono Lake, California in 2011. This discovery is being called "life as
we do not know it" by NASA.
The NASA scientists thought they found a bacterium able to substitute arsenic for
phosphorus in some macromolecules, specifically lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. In these
macromolecules, arsenate can be found in the place of phosphate. While other elements
have been found to substitute in living things, such as other metals replacing iron as the
oxygen-carrying element in some organisms, this bacterium was thought to be the first living
thing found to have a replacement for one of the six essential elements for life,
This is not a perfect substitution. In laboratory experiments, arsenate was found in the
bacterium only when bacteria were grown in an environment lacking in phosphorus. The
arsenate ion (AsO,) is not as stable as the phosphate ion (PO,), arsenic is much more toxic
than phosphate, and it is thought that some biological processes are not compatible with
arsenic-substituted molecules.
be a remarkable discovery. The existence of
Despite the unknowns, this was still thought
an organism on Earth that can substitute for one of the six essential elements would suggest
that the search for life beyond Earth may not be limited to just those six elements.
Note: This study could not be replicated after 2011, and other studies have found that there
has indeed been phosphorus in the organisms in Mono Lake, indicating that the organisms
are not including arsenic in their DNA.
Reterences
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