7. Was the difference between Group 1 and Group 2 on overall efficacy scores statistically significant? At what level of alpha could one reject the null hypothesis for this result? Whic
7. Was the difference between Group 1 and Group 2 on overall efficacy scores statistically significant? At what level of alpha could one reject the null hypothesis for this result? Whic
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Question
Can you answer #7?
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 2 I Comparisons Among Youth for Tobacco use Behaviors, Attitudes, and Self-efficacy
GROUP 1, NEGATIVE AFFECT REPORTED GROUP 2, NEGATIVE AFFECT NOT REPORTED
Variable
Pre-mean (SD)
Post-mean (SD)
Pre-mean (SD)
Post-mean (SD)
TOBACCO USE BEHAVIORS
No. smoked daily
No. days smoked in past 30
No. days intend to smoke in next 30
Age of intended quit
ATTITUDES
Over all attitude score
Smoking is very enjoyable
Smoking makes me look older
Helps me make and keep friends
Smoking helps me be accepted
Smoking is relaxing
Like to think of myself as a smoker
11.01 (9.04)
22.15 (11.59)
20.95 (12.30)
26.38 (19.84)
11.06 (9.08)
22.43 (11.57)
20.37 (13.09)
24.31 (14.67)
11.83 (9.75)
22.36 (12.01)
20.28 (13.22)
23.24 (13.89)
11.39 (9.58)
22.39 (12.88)
17.96 (13.40)
20.54 (9.11)
0.476
0.726
0.005
0.006*
2.74 (0.517)
2.15 (0.845)
3.14 (0.755)
3.42 (0.618)
3.36 (0.682)
1.92 (0.821)
2.51 (0.897)
2.71 (0.580)
2.27 (0.953)
2.97 (0.846)
3.28 (0.772)
3.22 (0.799)
1.98 (0.942)
2.56 (0.978)
2.74 (0.517)
2.16 (0.910)
3.15 (0.684)
3.44 (0.607)
3.40 (0.662)
1.83 (0.858)
2.55 (0.882)
2.69 (0.577)
2.18 (0.981)
2.99 (0.867)
3.33 (0.773)
3.29 (0.845)
1.81 (0.892)
2.56 (0.978)
0.10
0.08
0,001
0.001
0.002
0.62
0.44
SELF-EFFICACY
Overall efficacy score
I believe I can quit smoking if I try
Quiting smoking would be easy
I have the skills necessary to quit
I can quit using anytime I want
I can resist peer pressure to use
FTND SCORE
2.44 (0.855)
2.11 (1.02)
3.27 (1.27)
2.20 (0.982)
2.65 (1.16)
2.01 (1.08)
3.18 (2.46)
2.46 (0.866)
2.05 (1.06)
3.38 (1.25)
2.04 (0.940)
2.77 (1.23)
2.06 (1.04)
2.58 (0.810)
2.25 (1.02)
3.54 (1.25)
2.30 (0.942)
2.88 (1.26)
1.94 (1.03)
3.53 (2.66)
2.45 (0.810)
2.03 (0.999)
3.40 (1.32)
2.16 (0.953)
2.72 (1.23)
1.93 (1.01)
0.05"
0.003"
0.73
0.001
0.68
0.67
0.08
*Statistical significance at least at ps0.05 level
Stevens, S. L., Colwell, B., Smith, D. W., Robinson, J., & McMillan, C. (2005). An exploration of self-reported negative affect by adolescents as a reason
for smoking: Implications for tobacco prevention and intervention programs. Reprinted from Preventive Medicine, 41(2), p. 593, with permission of
Elsevier.
Study Questions
1. On average, did the participants in Group 1 or Group 2 report more cigarettes smoked daily?
Provide a rational for your answer.
2. According to Table 2, which of the following statements about the differences between Group 1
and Group 2 on the attitude "Smoking is very enjoyable" is true? Provide a rational for your
answer.
a. Sampling error probably did not create the difference between the means.
b. Sampling errors probably did create the difference between the means.
3. What type of ANOVA was conducted to examine the main effect pre- to post-program on number
of days intended to smoke in the next 30 (F1.49) = 7.98, p = (0.005)? What is the focus of this
type of ANOVA?
Page 2 of 3
Should the null hypothesis be rejected for "I believe I can quit smoking if I try"? Provide a
rational for your answer.
4.
5. What were the results (means, SDs, and p value) for the age intended to quit smoking? Provide
your interpretation of what these results mean.
6. In Table 2, how many of the comparisons between Groups 1 and 2 were not statistically
significant? Provide a rational for your answer.
7. Was the difference between Group 1 and Group 2 on overall efficacy scores statistically
significant? At what level of alpha could one reject the null hypothesis for this result?
8. Which of the seven attitudes was (were) statistically significant at the strongest level? Provide a
rational for your answer.
9. The result for "Smoking makes me look older" was F1,517) = 17.02, p<0.001. Using this result,
identify how many groups were examined in this analysis and the number of participants.
Provide a rational for your answer.
Source: Stevens, S. L., Colwell, B., Smith, D. w., Robinson, J., & McMillan, C. (2005). An exploration of self-
reported negative affect by adolescents as a reason for smoking: Implications for tobacco prevention and
intervention programs. Preventive Medicine, 41(2), 589-96.
Expert Solution
Step 1
P-value:
It is the probability of finding the observed result under the null hypothesis.
Level of signifincance:
It is a measure of the strength of the evidence that must be present in the sample before rejecting the null hypothesis.
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