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- 9. Show using a diagram and a table what happens to welfare in a small country that opens to international trade where the world price is less than domestic priceWorld Trade Organization 1. Explain the agreement under the Uruguay Round on the tariff and tariff quotas of agricultural products?5. Diagram below shows domestic U.S. supply and demand for good X. World price is $1,000. a. With free international trade, how many units of good X will the U.S. import? __________ Suppose the U.S. government now imposes a tariff on good X as shown on the graph. b. How many units of good X will the U.S. import after tariff is imposed? _____________ c. Calculate government’s revenue as the result of the tariff $_____________ d. With international trade restriction, how many units of good X will the U.S. consumers demand? __________ e. With free international trade, how many units of good X will the U.S. suppliers supply? ___________
- 2. The impact of a tariff Consider a hypothetical example of trade in aluminum between the United States and China. For simplicity, assume that China is the only source of U.S. aluminum imports. The following graph shows the U.S. market for aluminum. Note that in the absence of any trade, the market price for aluminum in the United States is $500 per tonne, and the equilibrium quantity is 250 million tonnes per month. Use the green area (triangle symbol) to show U.S. consumer surplus under free trade with China, and use the purple area (diamond symbol) to show U.S. producer surplus under free trade with China. 1000 Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 900 Consumer Surplus 800 700 Producer Surplus 600 500 400 Free Trade Price 300 200 100 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 50 100 150 QUANTITY OF ALUMINUM (Millions of tonnes per month) PRICE (Dollars per tonne)3. Import quotas Kazakhstan is a grape producer, as well as an importer of grapes. Suppose the following graph shows Kazakhstan's domestic market for grapes, where Sx is the supply curve and Dx is the demand curve. The free trade world price of grapes (Pw) is $800 per ton. Suppose Kazakhstan's government restricts imports of grapes to 120,000 tons. The world price of grapes is not affected by the quota. Analyze the effects of the quota on Kazakhstan's welfare. On the following graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to draw the Kazakhstan's supply curve including the quota SK+Q. (Hint: Draw this as a straight line even though this curve should be equivalent to the domestic supply curve below the world price.) Then use the grey line (star symbol) to indicate the new price of grapes with a quota of 120,000 grapes. PRICE (Dollars per ton) 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 --‒‒‒‒‒‒ 0 40 SK DK Pw 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 QUANTITY (Thousands of tons) SK+Q Price…Quantify the effects of a country’s tariff on sugar Situation with import tariff Estimated situation without tariff World price $0.10per pound $0.10per pound Tariff $0.02per pound 0 Domestic price $0.12per pound $0.10per pound Domestic consumption (billions of pounds per year) 20 22 Domestic production (billions of pounds per year) 8 6 Imports (billions of pounds per year) 12 16 Calculate the following measures:• The domestic consumers’ gain from removing the tariff. • The domestic producers’ loss from removing the tariff. • The government tariff revenue loss.• The net effect on national well-being.
- PRICE (Dollars perton) 1100 Domestic Demand 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 35 Domestic Supply P W 70 105 140 175 210 245 280 315 350 QUANTITY (Tons of limes) Consumer Surplus Producer Surplus Consumer Surplus When South Africa adjusts its trade policy to allow free trade of limes, the price of one ton of limes in South Africa becomes $800. At this price, tons of limes will be demanded in South Africa, and tons will be supplied by domestic suppliers. Therefore, South Africa will export tons of limes. Producer Surplus Using the information from the previous tasks, complete the following table to analyze the welfare effect of allowing free trade. With Free Trade (Dollars) Without Free Trade (Dollars) When South Africa allows free trade, the country's producer surplus by S by S and consumer surplus . Therefore, the net effect of allowing international trade on South Africa's total surplus is a ofPRICE (Dollars per ton) 865 Domestic Demand 830 795 760 725 690 655 620 585 550 515 7 0 40 80 Domestic Supply PW 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 QUANTITY (Tons of oranges) If Honduras is open to international trade in oranges without any restrictions, it will import A tariff set at this level would raise $ Suppose the Honduran government wants to reduce imports to exactly 160 tons of oranges to help domestic producers. A tariff of $ will achieve this. tons of oranges. in revenue for the Honduran government. per ton6
- 1) If the country of Pika Pika taxes all pili nuts imported from The Philippines, Pika Pika has impased a(n)_. A. quota B. tariff C. embargo D. foreign content requirement E. subsidy1. What are the benefits and consequences of implementing tariffs? 2. How has the trade war impacted Singapore?1 of What is the effect of a tariff on the market price? Select one: a. It keeps the price of the exported good the same as the world price. b. It raises the price of the imported good above the world price. c. It lowers the price of the exported good below the world price. d. It lowers the price of the imported good below the world price.