Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Chemistry Problems
#### 6. Dilution and Molarity
**Problem:**
What is the final molarity that would result if you diluted 180.0 mL of a 1.55 M HCl solution to a final volume of 500.0 mL?
**Solution Approach:**
Use the dilution formula:
\[ M_1V_1 = M_2V_2 \]
Where:
- \( M_1 \) = initial molarity
- \( V_1 \) = initial volume
- \( M_2 \) = final molarity
- \( V_2 \) = final volume
#### 7. Reaction Stoichiometry
**Problem:**
Determine the volume of 1.5 M KI solution required for the reaction of 10.00 grams of lead(II) nitrate.
**Reaction:**
\[ \text{Pb(NO}_3\text{)}_2 + 2\text{KI} \rightarrow \text{PbI}_2 + 2\text{KNO}_3 \]
**Solution Approach:**
1. Calculate moles of lead(II) nitrate using its molar mass.
2. Use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to find moles of KI needed.
3. Use molarity (\( M = \text{moles/volume} \)) to find the required volume of KI solution.
#### 8. Mass from Molarity
**Problem:**
How many grams of KNO\(_3\) are contained in 245 mL of 3.00 M KNO\(_3\) solution?
**Solution Approach:**
1. Convert volume to liters.
2. Use molarity to find moles of KNO\(_3\).
3. Calculate mass using the molar mass of KNO\(_3\).
#### 9. Percent Yield
**Problem:**
If the combustion of 4.00 grams of magnesium results in the actual yield of 5.00 grams of magnesium oxide, what is the percent yield of the reaction?
**Reaction:**
\[ 2\text{Mg(s)} + \text{O}_2\text{(g)} \rightarrow 2\text{MgO(s)} \]
**Solution Approach:**
1. Calculate the theoretical yield of MgO using stoichiometry based on starting mass of magnesium.
2. Use the formula for](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7cb7ab84-2909-44b4-aa38-afda86b9d9a5%2F6c3a77c1-ad08-4992-8707-86a6794d5bda%2Fiqj3o59_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemistry Problems
#### 6. Dilution and Molarity
**Problem:**
What is the final molarity that would result if you diluted 180.0 mL of a 1.55 M HCl solution to a final volume of 500.0 mL?
**Solution Approach:**
Use the dilution formula:
\[ M_1V_1 = M_2V_2 \]
Where:
- \( M_1 \) = initial molarity
- \( V_1 \) = initial volume
- \( M_2 \) = final molarity
- \( V_2 \) = final volume
#### 7. Reaction Stoichiometry
**Problem:**
Determine the volume of 1.5 M KI solution required for the reaction of 10.00 grams of lead(II) nitrate.
**Reaction:**
\[ \text{Pb(NO}_3\text{)}_2 + 2\text{KI} \rightarrow \text{PbI}_2 + 2\text{KNO}_3 \]
**Solution Approach:**
1. Calculate moles of lead(II) nitrate using its molar mass.
2. Use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to find moles of KI needed.
3. Use molarity (\( M = \text{moles/volume} \)) to find the required volume of KI solution.
#### 8. Mass from Molarity
**Problem:**
How many grams of KNO\(_3\) are contained in 245 mL of 3.00 M KNO\(_3\) solution?
**Solution Approach:**
1. Convert volume to liters.
2. Use molarity to find moles of KNO\(_3\).
3. Calculate mass using the molar mass of KNO\(_3\).
#### 9. Percent Yield
**Problem:**
If the combustion of 4.00 grams of magnesium results in the actual yield of 5.00 grams of magnesium oxide, what is the percent yield of the reaction?
**Reaction:**
\[ 2\text{Mg(s)} + \text{O}_2\text{(g)} \rightarrow 2\text{MgO(s)} \]
**Solution Approach:**
1. Calculate the theoretical yield of MgO using stoichiometry based on starting mass of magnesium.
2. Use the formula for
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