6a. **Phase Diagram for Water****Overview:**The phase diagram for water represents the states of water (solid, liquid, and vapor) at different temperatures and pressures. Important points on this diagram include the freezing point, boiling point, the critical point, and the triple point. The units of temperature are in Kelvin (K) and the units of pressure are in atmospheres (atm).**Diagram Details:**- **Axes:** - The vertical axis represents pressure, ranging from 1 μbar to 1 Tbar. - The horizontal axis represents temperature, ranging from 0 K to 750 K.- **Regions:** - The blue region represents the solid phase of water. - The green region represents the liquid phase of water. - The orange region represents the vapor phase of water.- **Key Points:** - **Freezing Point at 1 atm:** 273.15 K (0°C), 101.325 kPa. The point where water transitions from liquid to solid. - **Boiling Point at 1 atm:** 373.15 K (100°C), 101.325 kPa. The point where water transitions from liquid to vapor. - **Critical Point:** 647 K, 22.064 MPa (approximately 218 atm). Beyond this point, water exists as a supercritical fluid. There is no distinct phase change. - **Triple Point:** 273.16 K, 611.657 Pa. The only combination of temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor phases of water coexist in equilibrium.**Question:****a. Some chemical reactions require steam, which is best used at high pressures and high temperatures to facilitate the reaction. What is the highest pressure of steam in atmospheres that will exist at 300°C?****Answer:**At 300°C (which converts to 573.15 K), we look at the boundary between the liquid and vapor regions. The highest pressure of steam (vapor phase) can be seen just before transitioning into the liquid phase. From the diagram, this pressure is close to 100 atm (as indicated by the pressure scale on the right side).Thus, at 300°C, the highest pressure for steam is approximately 100 atmospheres.

Science

Chemistry

6a

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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