[6/2, 7:18 AM] Ali Diaa: Telescopes are an essential tool for astronomers to study the universe. You plan to build your own telescope that can resolve the Great Red Spot on the surface of Jupiter at a wavelength of 600 nm. The farthest distance between the Earth and Jupiter is 968 × 106 km and the Great Red Spot has currently a diameter of 16,500 km. (a) Use the Rayleigh criterion to determine the diameter of the lens’ aperture of your telescope that is needed to resolve the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. [6/2, 7:44 AM] Ali Diaa: Scientists are developing a new space cannon to shoot objects from the surface of the Earth directly into a low orbit around the Earth. For testing purposes, a projectile is fired with an initial velocity of 2.8 km/s vertically into the sky. Calculate the height that the projectile reaches, ... (a) assuming a constant gravitational deceleration of 9.81 m/s2 . (b) considering the change of the gravitational force with height. Note: Neglect the air resistance for this problem. Use 6.67×10−11 m3kg−1 s −2 for the gravitational constant, 6371 km for the Earth’s radius, and 5.97 × 1024 kg for the Earth’s mass
Stellar evolution
We may see thousands of stars in the dark sky. Our universe consists of billions of stars. Stars may appear tiny to us but they are huge balls of gasses. Sun is a star of average size. Some stars are even a thousand times larger than the sun. The stars do not exist forever they have a certain lifetime. The life span of the sun is about 10 billion years. The star undergoes various changes during its lifetime, this process is called stellar evolution. The structure of the sun-like star is shown below.
Red Shift
It is an astronomical phenomenon. In this phenomenon, increase in wavelength with corresponding decrease in photon energy and frequency of radiation of light. It is the displacement of spectrum of any kind of astronomical object to the longer wavelengths (red) side.
[6/2, 7:18 AM] Ali Diaa: Telescopes are an essential tool for astronomers to study the universe. You plan to build your
own telescope that can resolve the Great Red Spot on the surface of Jupiter at a wavelength of
600 nm. The farthest distance between the Earth and Jupiter is 968 × 106 km and the Great Red
Spot has currently a diameter of 16,500 km.
(a) Use the Rayleigh criterion to determine the diameter of the lens’ aperture of your telescope
that is needed to resolve the Great Red Spot on Jupiter.
[6/2, 7:44 AM] Ali Diaa: Scientists are developing a new space cannon to shoot objects from the surface of the Earth directly into a low orbit around the Earth. For testing purposes, a projectile is fired with an initial
velocity of 2.8 km/s vertically into the sky.
Calculate the height that the projectile reaches, ...
(a) assuming a constant gravitational deceleration of 9.81 m/s2
.
(b) considering the change of the gravitational force with height.
Note: Neglect the air resistance for this problem. Use 6.67×10−11 m3kg−1
s
−2
for the gravitational
constant, 6371 km for the Earth’s radius, and 5.97 × 1024 kg for the Earth’s mass
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