6.4-5. Consider the sampled-data systems with the following characteristic equations: (i) z 0.199 = 0 (v) z² (vi) z² - 1 = 0 (ii) z (iii) z (vii) z² - 2z+ 0.99 = 0 (iv) z + 0.9 = 0 (a) What can you determine about the system natural-response characteristics for each system, for T = 0.2 s? 0.99 = 0 0.19 = 0 1.9z+ 0.90 (b) Repeat part (a) for T = 2 s. (c) For a given characteristic equation as a function of z, which parameters of the transient response vary with the sample period T and which are independent of T2

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Quantization and Resolution

Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.

Probability of Error

This topic is widely taught in many undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses of: