Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![### Chemistry Problem - Carbon Dioxide in Soda
**Question:**
The carbon dioxide gas in a half-liter bottle of Coke has a volume of 5.09 L at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure). How many grams of CO₂ are in this amount of soda?
**Explanation:**
This question involves understanding the relationship between the volume of a gas at standard conditions and its mass. At STP (0°C and 1 atm pressure), 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters. To find out how many grams of CO₂ are in 5.09 liters, follow these steps:
1. **Calculate the number of moles:**
- Use the molar volume of a gas at STP.
- Molar volume (22.4 L/mol CO₂) and the given volume (5.09 L).
- \[
\text{Moles of CO₂} = \frac{5.09 \text{ L}}{22.4 \text{ L/mol}} = 0.227 \text{ mol}
\]
2. **Convert moles to grams:**
- Use the molar mass of CO₂ (approximately 44.01 g/mol).
- \[
\text{Grams of CO₂} = 0.227 \text{ mol} \times 44.01 \text{ g/mol} = 9.99 \text{ g}
\]
Therefore, the carbon dioxide gas in a half-liter bottle of Coke contains approximately 9.99 grams of CO₂ at STP.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fec9904e6-dc28-47e5-ba82-a0b2892d5fea%2Fdeeb985f-92bf-4f7f-9fea-2e0eff86bfe0%2Fh87bii_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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