6. Study the diagram of a plant cell below. The organelle marked by the arrow is responsible for cellular energy. Identify this organelle: mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Oendoplasmic reticulum nucleus
Cell Structure
The knowledge and concept about the structure of the cells have changed constantly over the past years. Primarily the scientist defines the cells as a simple membranous sac with fluids and some particles. Researches have now revealed that the cell is the more complex and basic unit of life. There are different types of cells and they also differ in shape and structure. The basic three parts of a cell are cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelle.
Plant Cell
The smallest functional unit of a living organism is known as the cell. It is composed of cytoplasm enclosed by an outer layer known as the cell membrane. A cell is classified as a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. A prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus, and the genetic material is freely suspended in the cell cytoplasm; for example, bacteria are composed of a prokaryotic cell. Whereas a eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles with a specific function, plants and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
Plant Cell Types
Plants are made up of a variety of cell types that include both living and dead cells. These cells provide them mechanical and structural support along with the growth of plants. Plant tissue is a group or collection of cells, which are similar in structure and work together to accomplish a specific function. Plant cells are most similar to animal cells, both being eukaryotic cells.
The cellular energy is in the form of ATP molecules. These molecules are produced by the breakdown of biomolecules such as carbohydrates. Upon conversion of glucose into pyruvate molecules, cellular respiration takes place. Aerobic respiration includes oxidative decarboxylation and the citric acid cycle. The energy-rich molecules enter the electron transport chain which couples the electron transport with the transfer of protons that drives the ATP synthesis. All these processes occur in a rod-shaped organelle.
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