6. Let a be an element of order n in a group and let k be a positive la| = integer. Then ª"|- %gcd(n,k)

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
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1. Let \( G \) be a group and \( H \) a nonempty subset of \( G \). Then \( H \leq G \) if \( ab^{-1} \in H \) whenever \( a, b \in H \).

2. Let \( G \) be a group and \( H \) a subgroup of \( G \). Show that \( C(H) \leq G \).

3. If \( H_{\alpha} : \alpha \in A \) are a family of subgroups of the group \( G \), show that \( \bigcap_{\alpha \in A} H_{\alpha} \) is a subgroup of \( G \).

4. Let \( H = \{a+bi \mid a, b \in \mathbb{R}, \, ab \geq 0\} \). Determine whether \( H \) is a subgroup of the complex numbers \( \mathbb{C} \) with addition.

5. Let \( a \) be an element of order \( n \) in a group and let \( k \) be a positive integer. Then \( \langle a^k \rangle = \langle a^{\gcd(n,k)} \rangle \).

6. Let \( a \) be an element of order \( n \) in a group and let \( k \) be a positive integer. Then \( |a^k| = \frac{n}{\gcd(n,k)} \).

7. Every subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic.

8. Determine the subgroup lattice of \( \mathbb{Z}_{36} \).

9. Prove that a group of order 3 must be cyclic.
Transcribed Image Text:1. Let \( G \) be a group and \( H \) a nonempty subset of \( G \). Then \( H \leq G \) if \( ab^{-1} \in H \) whenever \( a, b \in H \). 2. Let \( G \) be a group and \( H \) a subgroup of \( G \). Show that \( C(H) \leq G \). 3. If \( H_{\alpha} : \alpha \in A \) are a family of subgroups of the group \( G \), show that \( \bigcap_{\alpha \in A} H_{\alpha} \) is a subgroup of \( G \). 4. Let \( H = \{a+bi \mid a, b \in \mathbb{R}, \, ab \geq 0\} \). Determine whether \( H \) is a subgroup of the complex numbers \( \mathbb{C} \) with addition. 5. Let \( a \) be an element of order \( n \) in a group and let \( k \) be a positive integer. Then \( \langle a^k \rangle = \langle a^{\gcd(n,k)} \rangle \). 6. Let \( a \) be an element of order \( n \) in a group and let \( k \) be a positive integer. Then \( |a^k| = \frac{n}{\gcd(n,k)} \). 7. Every subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic. 8. Determine the subgroup lattice of \( \mathbb{Z}_{36} \). 9. Prove that a group of order 3 must be cyclic.
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