6) Use a Jablonski diagram or potential energy curves to show the theoretical difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence. Describe how you determine the difference experimentally.
Electronic Transitions and Spectroscopy
The term “electronic” connotes electron, and the term “transition” implies transformation. In a molecule, the electrons move from a lower to a higher energy state due to excitation. The two energy states, the ground state and the excited state are the lowest and the highest energy states, respectively. An energy change is observed with this transition, which depicts the various data related to the molecule.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a part of experimental chemistry. It is a technique used in laboratories that involves projecting intense beams of radiation on a sample element. In response, the element ejects electrons for which the relative energies are measured.
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a) Briefly describe two fundamental differences between the two theories. You could consider differences in
the models, the mathematics, or the results. "Brief description" means two to three sentences per
difference.
b) Briefly describe an advantage that valence bond theory has over molecular orbital theory.
c) Briefly describe an advantage that molecular orbital theory has over valence bond theory.
6) Use a Jablonski diagram or potential energy curves to show the theoretical difference between fluorescence and
phosphorescence. Describe how you determine the difference experimentally.
7) Determine the point group for each of the following molecules. For each molecule, list which symmetry
elements you used to determine the point group.
a) SFs
b) O3
c) acetone
d) CO,2-
f) CH,
g) cyclopropane
h) SO,2-
e)
8) For each of the following molecules, use VSEPR theory to determine the molecular shape (consider locations of
atoms, not lone pairs) and the hybridization on the central atom. If there is more than one central atom, determine
the hybridization on each central atom.
a) SF
b) O;
c) acetone
d) CO22-
f) CH.
g) cyclopropane
h) so,2-
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