(6) Derive an expression relating effluent concentration to influent concentration, hydraulic residence time, and the reaction rate constant for a second-order reaction in a batch at non-steady state. Repeat the exercise for a CMFR and a PFR at steady state. Explain your results.

(6) Derive an expression relating effluent concentration to influent concentration, hydraulic residence time, and the reaction rate constant for a second-order reaction in a batch at non-steady state. Repeat the exercise for a CMFR and a PFR at steady state. Explain your results.

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.

Question

(6) Derive an expression relating effluent concentration to influent concentration,
hydraulic residence time, and the reaction rate constant for a second-order reaction in a
batch at non-steady state. Repeat the exercise for a CMFR and a PFR at steady state.
Explain your results.

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Step 1: UnSteady state batch reactor

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Step 2: CA effluent concentration

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Step 3: Steady state continuous mixed flow reactor CMFR

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Step 4: Steady state plug flow reactor PFR

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Step 5: Steady state Plug flow reactor PFR CA CA effluent

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A falling-head permeameter contains a sample of length 10 centimeters and diameter 4 centimeters. The falling-head tube has an inside diameter of 1 centimeter. The head falls from 5 to 2 centimeters over a period of 70 minutes. a. What is the hydraulic conductivity in cm/sec? b. The water temperature was 21° C. At this temperature the density of water is 0.997 g/cm³ and the viscosity is 0.00988 g/sec-cm. What is the intrinsic permea- bility of the sample?
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