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52. Which vector control mechanism involves community involvement and mobilization?
A. Fumigation of communities
B. Improving sanitation measures
C. Introduction of sterile vectors
D. Using vector repellants
53. Which vector control mechanism involves passive community involvement?
A. Fumigation of communities
B. Improving sanitation measures
C. Introduction of sterile vectors
D. Using vector repellants
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- 54. Which vector control mechanism involves individual behaviors and decisions?A. Fumigation of communitiesB. Improving sanitation measures C. Introduction of sterile vectorsD. Using vector repellants 55. Which of the following conditions is classified as a chronic disease?A. ConjunctivitisB. Diabetes mellitus C. MeaslesD. MumpsWhat are the different modes of transmission? Select ALL that apply. a. Direct contact b. Indirect contact O c. Animal vectors O d. Spontaneous generation □e. Contaminated food or drinkDifferentiate the following Epidemic Patterns a. Common-Source b. Propagated c. Mixed
- refer to the provided image 80. Which of the following is represented by the x-axis of the provided epidemic curve?A. Asymptomatic timeB. Generation time C. Incubation periodD. Natural history 81. What type of epidemic is evident on the given epidemic curve?A. IntermittentB. Point-source C. ProgressiveD. PropagatingWhich of the following is not considered an insect vector? a. fl ea c. tick b. mosquito d. tsetse fl y39. A relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is unaffected is termed commensalism a. b. parasitism c. independence d. mutualism 40. Fomites are involved in a. in the direct contact spread of infection b. in the indirect contact spread of infection c. infection spread by biological vectors d. sexually transmitted diseases 41. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the virulence of a pathogen? a. The concentration microbes in the host b. cell wall c. toxins d. enzymes || e. All of the above contribute to the virulence of a pathogen
- 31. Which type of symbiosis is beneficial to both symbionts (e.g., a human who provides sugars to an intestinal Escherichia coli bacterial cell, which in turn provides vitamin K to the human)? A. commensalism B. amensalism C. neutralism D. parasitism E. mutualism84. The microbiology section of a tertiary hospital in the Cordillera Administrative Region was deputized toconduct routine testing and reporting of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus for the whole North Luzoncluster. What type of public health surveillance was described?A. Sentinel activeB. Sentinel passive C. Syndromic activeD. Syndromic passive 85. Barangay health workers are currently tasked to seek out and report individuals in their barangays whohave cough, colds, fever and chills. What type of public health surveillance was described?A. Sentinel activeB. Sentinel passive C. Syndromic activeD. Syndromic passiveSITUATION C Carlo Aquino, 27 years, diagnosed with HIV, has opportunistic infection such as Aspergillus species, is admitted to the hospital The nurse expects Carlo to have a medical regimen of * 1 point a. Antifungal therapy b. Antibiotic therapy c. Antiviral therapy D. No therapy is necessary because Aspergillus is a normal flora Carlo Aquino’s risk factors include(s): * 1 point A. Smoking B. Too much alcohol intake C. Suppressed immune system D.All of the choices A patient after being diagnosed to be HIV positive underwent treatment. As a nurse, you expect the patient to experience a respiratory complication of * 1 point A. Kaposis sarcoma B. Pneumocystis carinii C. Leukoplakia D. Difficulty breathing
- Avoiding interactions with known infected person can help limit spread of the infection by a. Reducing the effective contact rate and thereby lowering the reproductive rate of infection (Ro) b. Reducing the number of susceptible people in the community c. Reducing the virulence of the causative organism d. Reducing the potential length of infectionWhat is the best way to prevent nosocomial (HAI) infection? A. Health care workers educating the public about safe sex B. Putting all patients in contact precaution isolation C. Health care workers practicing hard hygiene when required D. Sterilizing all equipment too useWhich of the following is not considered an insect vector?a. flea b. mosquito c. tickd. tsetse fly