5. What is the cause of an increased risk for Type I errors when t-tests are conducted? How might researchers eliminate the increased risk for a Type I error in a study?
5. What is the cause of an increased risk for Type I errors when t-tests are conducted? How might researchers eliminate the increased risk for a Type I error in a study?
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
Related questions
Question
Can you answer #5?
Transcribed Image Text:MNU © 2020
Page 2 of 3
TABLE VI I Quality of Life Experienced by Women and Men (N= 171)
WOMEN (n = 74)
MEAN (SD)
MEN (n = 97)
MEAN (SD)
TVALUE
(DF = 169)
INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS/SCALES
P VALUE
SF-36 (0 = low QoL, 100 = high QoL)
-2.50
48.5 (5.7)
48.2 (7.6)
51.3 (23.7)
51.1 (7.4)
51.4 (7.5)
58.6 (24.1)
12.6 (23.7)
0.01
The Physical Component Score (PCS)*
The Mental Component Score (MCS)
-2.74
0.007
Physical Functioning (PF)
-1.98
0.049
Role-Physical (RP)
Bodily Pain (BP)
General Health (GH)
4.7 (14.1)
-2.54
0.007
57.6 (26.2)
62.5 (27.3)
0.24
51.1 (17.6)
54.2 (20.1)
0.30
39.8 (19.0)
-2.31
Vitality (VT)
Social Functioning (SF)
47.5 (23.2)
0.02
61.0 (27.4)
66.1 (23.2)
0.19
Role-Emotional (RE)
27.5 (39.5)
37.8 (42.7)
0.11
Mental Health (MH)
62.3 (22.9)
72.7 (20.1)
-3.15
0.002
QLI (0 = low QoL, 30 = high QoL)
Total Scale
20.1 (3.5)
21.2 (3.6)
-2.06
0.04
Health Functioning
17.9 (4.1)
19.3 (4.6)
-1.99
0.049
Socioeconomic
22.6 (3.6)
22.9 (3.7)
0.58
19.6 (4.6)
21.1 (4.3)
26.0 (3.9)
Psychologic/spiritual
-2.10
0.04
Family (N= 69 women and 94 men)
25.6 (4.7)
0.51
*PCS = PF, RP, BP, GH. "MCS = VT, SF, RE, MH. "df = 161. Sdf= 168. Qol = Quality of life; QLI, Quality-of-Life Index-Cardiac Version.
Kristofferzon, M., Löfmark, R., & Carlsson, M. (2005). Perceived coping, social support, and quality of life 1 month after myocardial infarction:
A comparison between Swedish women and men. Heart & Lung, 341). p. 47.
Study Questions
1. t= -1.99 describes the difference between women and men post myocardial infarction (MI) for
what variable?
2. Consider t= -2.74 and t= -2.31. Which calculated t ratio has the smaller p value? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
3. Examine the results in Table VI. Which t ratio listed in the table had the largest p value? What
was the focus of this t-test, and were the results significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.
4. What is df? Why is it important to know the df for a t ratio? How would you calculate the df for a
t-test, and what is the df for this study?
5. What is the cause of an increased risk for Type I errors when t-tests are conducted? How might
researchers eliminate the increased risk for a Type I error in a study?
6. Given the information presented in Table VI, calculate a Bonferroni procedure for this study.
7. Does this study meet the assumptions for the t-test? Provide a rationale for your answer.
8. What sampling method did the researchers use in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
9. What level of data is analyzed by means and standard deviations? Is this level of data compatible
with the assumptions for the 1-test? Provide a rationale for your answer.
10. Is the sample size adequate to detect significant differences between the two groups in this study?
Source: Kristofferzon, M., Lofrnark, R., & Carlsson, M. (2005). Perceived coping, social support, and quality of life 1 month
after myocardial infarction: A comparison between Swedish women and men. Heart & Lung. 34(1), 39-50.
MNU © 2020
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