5. Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the lattice formation energy of CaO following the reaction: Ca(s) + O₂ → CaO Reaction Sub. of Ca IE1 of Ca IE2 of Ca BDE of 02 EA1 of O EA2 of O AH°f[CaO(s)] AH (kJ/mol) +193 +590 +1010 +498 -141 +878 -635 answer:
5. Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the lattice formation energy of CaO following the reaction: Ca(s) + O₂ → CaO Reaction Sub. of Ca IE1 of Ca IE2 of Ca BDE of 02 EA1 of O EA2 of O AH°f[CaO(s)] AH (kJ/mol) +193 +590 +1010 +498 -141 +878 -635 answer:
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Chapter12: The Solid State
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 18PS
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Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
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![**Image Transcription for Educational Website:**
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**Title: Constructing a Born-Haber Cycle for CaO**
**Objective:**
Learn how to use a Born-Haber cycle to determine the lattice formation energy of calcium oxide (CaO) with the given reaction: \( \text{Ca(s)} + \frac{1}{2} \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CaO} \).
**Data Provided:**
| Reaction | \( \Delta H^\circ \) (kJ/mol) |
|-------------------------|---------------------------|
| Sublimation of Ca | +193 |
| First Ionization Energy (IE1) of Ca | +590 |
| Second Ionization Energy (IE2) of Ca | +1010 |
| Bond Dissociation Energy (BDE) of \( \text{O}_2 \) | +498 |
| First Electron Affinity (EA1) of O | –141 |
| Second Electron Affinity (EA2) of O | +878 |
| \( \Delta H^\circ \) (Formation of \( \text{CaO(s)} \)) | –635 |
**Instructions:**
Using the above data, construct the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of CaO. The Born-Haber cycle involves these key steps:
1. **Sublimation**: Convert solid calcium to gaseous atoms.
2. **Ionization**: Remove electrons from gaseous calcium atoms to form Ca\(^2+\) ions.
3. **Dissociation**: Break the dioxygen molecule to obtain oxygen atoms.
4. **Electron Affinity**: Add electrons to oxygen atoms to form O\(^{2-}\) ions. Note that the second electron affinity is endothermic.
5. **Formation**: Combine gaseous Ca\(^2+\) and O\(^{2-}\) ions to form solid CaO, releasing lattice energy.
**Question:**
Determine the lattice energy of CaO using the given enthalpy changes.
**Answer:**
[Provide calculation or notes section where students can input their answers]
---
**Explanation:**
This task involves calculating the steps to form calcium oxide from its elements, using the principles of thermochemistry and the Born-Haber cycle methodology. Instructors may guide students through the enthalpy steps and help them understand each process's energy requirements or releases.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9b020904-503e-46f0-a83a-8c74ba785f01%2Feed10e36-a560-41f1-be4c-cf82a7bb07ef%2Fxfn3wlk_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Image Transcription for Educational Website:**
---
**Title: Constructing a Born-Haber Cycle for CaO**
**Objective:**
Learn how to use a Born-Haber cycle to determine the lattice formation energy of calcium oxide (CaO) with the given reaction: \( \text{Ca(s)} + \frac{1}{2} \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CaO} \).
**Data Provided:**
| Reaction | \( \Delta H^\circ \) (kJ/mol) |
|-------------------------|---------------------------|
| Sublimation of Ca | +193 |
| First Ionization Energy (IE1) of Ca | +590 |
| Second Ionization Energy (IE2) of Ca | +1010 |
| Bond Dissociation Energy (BDE) of \( \text{O}_2 \) | +498 |
| First Electron Affinity (EA1) of O | –141 |
| Second Electron Affinity (EA2) of O | +878 |
| \( \Delta H^\circ \) (Formation of \( \text{CaO(s)} \)) | –635 |
**Instructions:**
Using the above data, construct the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of CaO. The Born-Haber cycle involves these key steps:
1. **Sublimation**: Convert solid calcium to gaseous atoms.
2. **Ionization**: Remove electrons from gaseous calcium atoms to form Ca\(^2+\) ions.
3. **Dissociation**: Break the dioxygen molecule to obtain oxygen atoms.
4. **Electron Affinity**: Add electrons to oxygen atoms to form O\(^{2-}\) ions. Note that the second electron affinity is endothermic.
5. **Formation**: Combine gaseous Ca\(^2+\) and O\(^{2-}\) ions to form solid CaO, releasing lattice energy.
**Question:**
Determine the lattice energy of CaO using the given enthalpy changes.
**Answer:**
[Provide calculation or notes section where students can input their answers]
---
**Explanation:**
This task involves calculating the steps to form calcium oxide from its elements, using the principles of thermochemistry and the Born-Haber cycle methodology. Instructors may guide students through the enthalpy steps and help them understand each process's energy requirements or releases.
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