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5. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of bone strength. It is defined as the ratio of bone mass to the cross- sectional area of the bone that is scanned, and it is expressed in units of grams per square centimeter (g/cm³). Recent studies suggest that peak BMD in women is achieved between ages 15 and 40, and BMD declines after age 45. Decreased BMD is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. In a recent study, the impact of regular physical exercise on women in differing stages of BMD development was examined. A simple random sample of 59 women between the ages of 41 and 45 and with no major health problems were enrolled in the study. The women were classified into one of the two following groups, based on their level of exercise activity. • Sedentary: minimal participation in physical exercise in the past three years (This group contained 31 women.) • Walkers: walk at an aerobic pace at least 135 minutes per week during the past three years (This group contained 28 women.)

5. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of bone strength. It is defined as the ratio of bone mass to the cross- sectional area of the bone that is scanned, and it is expressed in units of grams per square centimeter (g/cm³). Recent studies suggest that peak BMD in women is achieved between ages 15 and 40, and BMD declines after age 45. Decreased BMD is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. In a recent study, the impact of regular physical exercise on women in differing stages of BMD development was examined. A simple random sample of 59 women between the ages of 41 and 45 and with no major health problems were enrolled in the study. The women were classified into one of the two following groups, based on their level of exercise activity. • Sedentary: minimal participation in physical exercise in the past three years (This group contained 31 women.) • Walkers: walk at an aerobic pace at least 135 minutes per week during the past three years (This group contained 28 women.)

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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5. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of bone strength. It is defined as the ratio of bone mass to the cross- sectional area of the bone that is scanned, and it is expressed in units of grams per square centimeter (g/cm²). Recent studies suggest that peak BMD in women is achieved between ages 15 and 40, and BMD declines after age 45. Decreased BMD is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. In a recent study, the impact of regular physical exercise on women in differing stages of BMD development was examined. A simple random sample of 59 women between the ages of 41 and 45 and with no major health problems were enrolled in the study. The women were classified into one of the two following groups, based on their level of exercise activity. • Sedentary: minimal participation in physical exercise in the past three years (This group contained 31 women.) • Walkers: walk at an aerobic pace at least 135 minutes per week during the past three years (This group contained 28 women.)
Transcribed Image Text:5. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of bone strength. It is defined as the ratio of bone mass to the cross- sectional area of the bone that is scanned, and it is expressed in units of grams per square centimeter (g/cm²). Recent studies suggest that peak BMD in women is achieved between ages 15 and 40, and BMD declines after age 45. Decreased BMD is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. In a recent study, the impact of regular physical exercise on women in differing stages of BMD development was examined. A simple random sample of 59 women between the ages of 41 and 45 and with no major health problems were enrolled in the study. The women were classified into one of the two following groups, based on their level of exercise activity. • Sedentary: minimal participation in physical exercise in the past three years (This group contained 31 women.) • Walkers: walk at an aerobic pace at least 135 minutes per week during the past three years (This group contained 28 women.)
(c) The line graphs in part (b) suggest that sedentary women tend to have lower calcium intake from milk consumption than walkers do. Assuming that this is true, describe the impact, if any, that it would have on conclusions that can be reached from t-tests for comparing mean BMD levels for the two groups, such as those conducted in part (a).
Transcribed Image Text:(c) The line graphs in part (b) suggest that sedentary women tend to have lower calcium intake from milk consumption than walkers do. Assuming that this is true, describe the impact, if any, that it would have on conclusions that can be reached from t-tests for comparing mean BMD levels for the two groups, such as those conducted in part (a).
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